Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve Ecotourism And Community Participation In Interactive Mode

Community participation is the main elements of the nature reserve to carry out the eco-tourism, In this paper, we use the ways of questionnaires and interviews to survey of a random among the original village residents in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, the investigations include the participation in community-based ecotourism, interactive model, the satisfaction to community managers of tourism and awareness and future expectations. The survey results show that in the existing system of management of scenic spots, led by the regulatory agencies, and local residents to participate in joint-stock business in a manner that better protect the interests of the residents and protect the resources, but with the rapid development of tourism in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, there are also many issues, as follows:(1) Community participation is not enough, and cultural heritage is facing a crisis. Under existing joint-stock business model, Jiuzhaigou Valley Authority is in a position of absolute control, this mode of allocation of rights has a positive effect in the scenic "protected development", but also exposed the community to participation in less, a single form, and only stay in the level of employment and independent management. Awareness survey results that this oriented management model is very focused on the management process, and failed to timely analysis results, resulting in the residents do not quite understand, and thus only concerned with the policies at stake. Also, the reality of their a lower level culture of the inherent constraints to protect the residents of community involvement efforts, Large influx of foreign tourists, and the gradual penetration of different cultures, impact on of the tradition of folk culture and customs of the local Tibetan. and lose their timing and mystery and destruct the original ecology of the folk culture, the diversity of national culture in Jiuzhaigou and heritage are facing the continuation of the predicament.(2) To pursuit economic interests in a one-sided, and the environmental pollution is emerged. The Jiuzhaigou departments and community residents are too concerned about the significant benefits for tourism development, and ignoring the scenic environmental capacity issues, and failure to strictly enforce the development of day limited release policy, but also to bring some pressure on the surrounding environment and infrastructure, and resulted in the emergence of "infrastructure built hot "phenomenon, A gross mismatch between modern architecture and the landscape based on the original natural ecological. This scenic lose their original natural ecological beauty, and reduce landscape aesthetic value of the original. What’s more, with the influx of tourists, catering and live garbage in a rapid increase, the waste disposal capacity of scenic relative shortage, and sustainable development makes the scenic area appear a slight pollutants for a continuous accumulation, thereby causing a series of environmental problems, such as, the lake eutrophication, swamping, the water level declining, travertine shedding in scenic area.(3)The management of scenic area has lagged behind, and lack of a long-term ecological planning. the implementation of a "Grand Tourism" management system in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, has played a great promoting role in the beginning of the scenic area development, and make the interest groups of all parties to establish a sense of "protective" to achieve the overall goal under a sustainable development of tourist resources. But with the tourism brand fermentation and highlight of "Jiuzhaigou", it also exposed the lag issues of management, such as lower management level, low degree of specialization and extensive management mode and so on. The inadequate interaction has become more apparent between the scenic department and the community, and resulted some residents generate a resentment to the scenic area management departments, and positive interaction is not strong. In addition, the scenic area planning is much focuser on the development and construction, the source market forecast and camps, promotions, etc, they have not yet carry out a detailed ecological planning. At the same time, nature reserve management agency is not phase separation with the eco-tourism operators, this caused the embarrassing situation because of the manager and the development operator are the same, and easily lead to the management in confusion, and lack of effective supervision.(4) According to the above problems, in order to promote the development of ecological tourism and community participation in the sound development of the interactive mode in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve, we propose the following corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, including to improve the level of participation of community residents, strengthen their conscious awareness of environmental protection; strict control environmental capacity of the Nature Reserve, strengthen environmental monitoring and dynamic research; regulate the nature reserve management system, and plan for a long-term eco-tourism planning.