Ceng Jize And Representation Method In Vietnam

Since the mid 19thcentury, with the expansion of the western colonists, Chinawas involved into the modern civilization which was dominated by western countries.The Suzerain-Vassal System was deeply impacted because western countries turnedthose tributary countries into their colonies. And Qing empire’s diplomatic key-pointbecame dealing the relationship with the western countries. And in this progress, theQing government accredited minister to the western countries in order to develop thenew diplomatic relationship. Zeng Ji-ze was a outstanding one in this group. He hasserved as the minister of Britain France and Russia, and he acquired a lot ofachievements. Among these achievements, the most popular one was that he re-editthe Ili Treaty with Russian. Besides of this, he made tremendous effort in thenegotiation with France about the Vietnam issues and the negotiation with Britainabout adding tax and remitting Likin of opium. In the diplomatic activities Zeng Ji-zewas neither haughty nor humble, argued on just ground, tried his best to maintain thebenefit and dignity of our country. For example he used the conflict between thesewestern countries or the conflict between the different parties in the same country. Healso invoked the international laws to defend our country’s benefit. His foresight andwisdom exceeded these contemporary scholar-bureaucrats.This dissertation is about to discuss Zeng Ji-ze’s activities in the Sino-Francenegotiation about Vietnam issues.The first part is going to review Zeng Ji-ze’s family education, his personalstudy about the new knowledge and technology and the influence of these studiesbrought to him.In the second part I will analysis the international circumstance when Zeng Ji-zewas appointed to Britain and France. And delve the origin of the Vietnam issues.The third part I will analysis Zeng Ji-ze’s activities those he participated theSino-France negotiation. For example Zeng’s cognition about the international circumstance，his argument about suzerainty, his attitude to Liu Yong-fu’s army, hisconstant concern about the Vietnam issues, his attitude to the 1874 treaty. And themost important thing is that he insisted Qing government should prepare for the warin order to maintain the peace between China and France.The fourth part is about to find the reasons that Zeng Ji-ze failed in theSino-France negotiation. Besides, this part also dissertate the inevitability of thetraditional diplomacy’s knockdown and modernization.