Try To Talk About The Truman And Eisenhower Administration Of Sino-soviet Policy Shift

After the Second World War, along with the disappearance of fascists, sharp conflicts ofnational interests, huge differences of ideologies and a number of other factors led to theUS-Soviet Alliance of the two countries breaking apart ultimately. The United States won theleadership of the capitalist world after World War II, and expected to achieve the grand goal ofdominating the world by virtue of its strong economic and military power. The Soviet Union alsobecame a military and political power in the world after the Second World War, and it alsobecame the bellwether in the socialist camp. The cold war was the result among the hugeconflicts between the two superpowers.During the Cold War, the United States insisted on pursuing containment policy. The Trumanadministration followed the strategic objective of "containment of the Soviet bloc". In Europe,the White House controlled the Western European countries through the Marshall plan, the NorthAtlantic Treaty Organization, as well as a range of bilateral, multilateral agreements, and manyregional organizations, such as "the Organization for Economic Cooperation in Europe".In Asia,chastening the expansion of Communism was the dominanting policy.On the China issue, theTruman administration did everything possible to draw China into its camp, or at least to preventallying between China and the Soviet Union, but in the end the goal was not reached. Due tochanges of the international situation, the Eisenhower administration took "containing China" asthe main objectives of the strategy. Specific manifestations are: refusing to recognize New Chinaruled by the Communist Party; opposing China to become a member of the UN Security Council,General Assembly and other institutions; persisting in trade and financial controls to New China;splitting the relationship among the regime of the Communist states, such as the differentiationof the Sino-Soviet Alliance. So it can be summed up that both Truman and Eisenhoweradministrations converted their goals and shifted focuses of Government in the background ofthe containment strategies.Specifically, the framework of the article is:The first section is illustrated from four aspects:1. The differences between China’s and Soviet’s diplomatic policy led to the conversion ofUnited States’ foreign policy on China and Soviet. That is because"The United States’ hostility toNew China" and "The differences between China and the Soviet Union’s foreign policy";2. Theimpacts of the Korean War on diplomatic policy of China and United States;3. The expansion of"China model" in Asia panicked the United States;4. The spread of McCarthyism in the United States and the anti-Communist match between republicans and democrats.The first part is mainlyabout the detailed reasons for the Sino-Soviet policy shift of the two administrations. The secondpart contains three aspects,1. The evolution of the theory of the Cold War, which contains twoparts:" the formation of containment theory,""the brink of war strategy and the wedgestrategy";2. The target of containment strategy moved from the Soviet Union to China, whichincludes "the Truman administration’s containment on the Soviet Union and contempt for China"and "the Eisenhower Administration curbed China intensively and buffered the containment ofthe Soviet Union ";3. The adjustment of global strategic focus of America-from Europe to Asia,namely,"Truman administration paid attention to Asia rather than Europe" and "Eisenhoweradministration paid attention to Europe rather than Asia ".The second part details how two administrations changed the foreign policy to the SovietUnion and China, and through what specific measures the two administrations achieved thepolicy objectives. Through a comparative study of the two Presidents’ policies on theSino-Soviet, we can easily come to the conclusion that though different diplomatic measurestaken towards China and the Soviet Union on the basis of its own interests and the changes ofinternational situations, the foreign policy of the United States shows its inheritance andinnovation.