Husserl's Transcendental Phenomenology Reduction Research

This thesis attempts to comprehend Husserl’s transcendental phenomenologyreduction thought basing on the history of philosophy, and holds the view that thetranscendental phenomenology reduction has an important meaning on transcendingtraditional metaphysics, deepening Husserl’s descriptive phenomenology and leadingthe phenomenology movement.The first chapter discusses the necessity of the transcendental reduction, it iswhich that solves the plight of traditional metaphysics. Traditional Metaphysicsrequire to deduce the world’s ultimate reality by the logical “Being”, which isactually asking to use logic to prove to the world’s "existence", and which leads tothe materialization of “Being”. This way of thinking at the same time leads to the theplight of subject-object dichotomy, and made the possibility of the cognition be ariddle. Husserl put forward the theory of transcendental phenomenology reduction tomake a distinction between “Being” and “existence”, then advocated usingtranscendental reduction to eliminate the setting of existence and developed thephenomenology into a purely epistemology, that is, as a essential science as a studyof things “what is”.The second chapter discusses the methodological significance of transcendentalreduction to Husserl’s phenomenology: By transcendental reduction, Husserleventually found the constitutive dimension of the “Noema”, and thus solved theproblem of epistemology. On this basis, this chapter further discusses the motivationand approach of the transcendental reduction.The third chapter discusses the criticism to transcendental reduction byphenomenologist after Husserl. Heidegger believes that the consciousness whichHusserl said had avoided the reduction and this work is non-phenomenological, thenHeidegger advocate that the reduction is the reduction from the beings to being;Merleau-Ponty thought that the body can not be restored, and insisted that thereduction should toward to body. Levinas emphasized on the non-restorability of theother, and therefore insisted the ethics’ priority in relation to the ontology and epistemology; Marion rethought the phenomenology method, and took the view thatonly by knowing the relation between the reduction and giving, can we achieve theidea of Phenomenology as a science.Through these three aspects that we had discussed, This article concludes thatHusserl’s transcendental reduction actually contains two kinds of ideas: One is to gobeyond the traditional metaphysics of non-subjective and non-objective neutral route,the second is the route of subjectivism and foundationalism, Latter is the ultimatereason that makes consciousness being escaped from reduction, and only along thefomer way can Phenomenology realize it’s neutrality.