The Study Of The Thought Of Nation-state Of The Late Qing Dynasty(1895-1911)Intellectuals

The research topic is the thought of nation state of the late Qing Dynasty intellectuals groups. The research methods of this paper are historical analysis, literature analysis, case study and contrast study. The paper consists of four parts. The first part is an introduction of the paper. In the introduction, we define the concepts of the ethnic group and nation-state. The thought about nation-state, including how to look at the relations between the state and the world and the relations between the state and the ethnic group, and the relations between the state and the nationals, and the thought of the state power. The second part of this paper is about the late Qing intellectuals, the late Qing intellectuals group was born out of the general scholars, was the last literati and officialdom, and they were the earliest intellectuals groups in China. The third part is the main part of the paper. We will expound the thought of the thought of the nation-state from the thought of the national sovereignty, the state power, the relations between the state and the ethnic group, the relations between the state and the nationals. The thought of relations between the state and the world, late Qing intellectuals think China should be a sovereign state in the world, we should safeguard national sovereignty. According to the state of the Qing Dynasty, the thought of the state power is divided into two opposed perspectives, the Reformists and revolutionary faction. Although the political thought of the Reformists are more moderate than the Revolutionary Faction, but as time goes by, the political thought of the Reformists becoming more radical, to give up the dual constitutional monarchy and gradually accepted the parliamentary constitutional monarchy. The revolutionaries advocated to overthrow the state of the Qing Dynasty, then establish a state of democratic republic. The thought of the relations between the state and the ethnic group can be roughly divided into two sides, the Reformists and Revolutionary Faction. The reformists Anti-Manchu and advocated to establish of a nation-state of a single Han nationality. The Reformists fight against the idea of Anti-Manchu, they advocated to establish a nation-state consist of The Chinese nation. The late Qing intellectualists think the relations between nationals and the state, they advocate all nationals belongs to the nation-state, individuals should be dedicate to the nation-state, the interest of the nation is the first important.The paper conclude the thought of late Qing intellectuals about the nation-state, a strong consciousness of the national sovereignty, the thought of the state power became more racial as time goes by, gradually given up the thought of a single Han nation-state and accepted the thought of establish a nation-state of Chinese nation, they advocate nationals belongs to the nation-state, individuals should be dedicate to the nation-state, the interest of the nation is first important. The thought of late Qing intellectuals about the nation-state is born out from foreign aggression and convergence as time goes by because of national crisis. The thought of late Qing intellectuals about the nation-state have an important impact on China’s political development.