Massachusetts Institute Of Technology, California Institute Of Technology And The Georgia Institute Of Technology Development And Research

Early20th century to30years after the First World War is the most prosperous period for the transformation and development of modern universities. The three major U.S. Institute of Technology (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, California Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology) also conformed to this historical trend and complete the transformation of their research and development mode. While keeping their own characteristic disciplines, they adhered to the educational philosophy of the ideal of Pragmatism, and ultimately succeeded to the forefront of world-class universities. In this paper, based on historical documents, case analysis and comparative research, we examined the development mode of the three major U.S. Institute of Technology to discover the rules of academic evolution under the guidance of certain educational philosophy, to enhance the level of domestic high education.The development modes of three major U.S. Institutes follow a spiral-like process. According to the different priorities of different periods of development, it can be divided into the following three stages:1861-1907is the embryonic stage of the educational philosophy of the ideal of Pragmatism.During this period, under the concept of multiple development modes, the educational philosophy of the ideal of Pragmatism was sprouted in the U.S. research universities.The three institutes adhered to the ideal of Pragmatism until the First World War. In these25years, they insisted their acadmic service, just following the development mode of "technical" schools, and laid a sufficient foundation for the upcoming restruction and development in the two World Wars.During1908-1945, the international environment has undergone major changes.Two World Wars directly changed the educational philosophy of most research universities, and promoted their development.Based on their pragmatic technical characteristics, the three polytechnics made full use of external resources, such as military projects by the federal government, funding from the private foundations in the field of scientific research, and the corporation development model between the industry community. On the other hand, they did a lot of internal resources integration, such as enhance the construction of university teachers, improvement of personnel training programs.They combined advantages of the external resources and internal positive innovation, conformed to the development needs of the wartime, in line with the America research style of big science. All above made the further development of the Colleges. 1946-1980,30years since the end of the two world wars, is a stage of comprehensive development of pragmatic educational philosophy in the three Polytechnics.At this stage, the three major U.S. Institute of pay more attention to the driving force from within the College.Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology, continued to use the wartime "University-Industry" mode of cooperation, made full use of resources and equipment of the wartime National Laboratory. Under the leadership of visionary leaders, they moved on in basic research and applied research field.As to Georgia Institute of Technology which is relatively newer, the special geographical location restricted the pace of its expansion and development. But after the war, Georgia Institute of Technology took the development model of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and California Institute of Technology as an example, combined with their own advantages, seized the development opportunities after war, and achieved its golden age of development.From our scientific research of the development model of the three major U.S. Institute of technology, we can draw a conclusion that their success owes the guidance of its pragmatic educational philosophy, and the combination of basic research and applied science.Therefore, modern university should make full use of its internal resource and the external forces to comply with the requirements of the times, to stay in line with the discipline’s law of development, to better promote the great development of themselves.