The Effects Of Swiss Ball Core Stability Training On Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Regulation And Cardiopulmonary Function In Female Undergraduates

Objective：In recent years, core stability training as a cutting-edge fitness method has beenfavored by more and more people, and the use of instability devices to train core stability hasbecome an essential feature of many training and fitness centers. The characteristic of this trainingis adding a destabilizing factor in the traditional sports, so the central nervous system can enhancethe regulation and control of the body. Since the movement system and visceral system arecoordinated with each other during exercise, the core stability training should improve theregulation and control of body movement and the regulatory functions of the visceral system at thesame time. Visceral activities are mainly dominated by the autonomic nervous system, so theregulatory function of the autonomic nervous system should be strengthened. In this study, we willuse Polar S810i heart rate monitor to observe the effects of seven-week Swiss ball core stabilitytraining (Raising arms and Kneeling on the Swiss ball) on cardiac autonomic nerve regulation andcardiopulmonary function, explore the role of core stability training to ease the stress of the people,and further evaluate the fitness efficacy of core stability training, that would provide moretheoretical and experimental supports for the promotion and development of the sport.Subjects: Eighteen healthy non-athlete female students from Shandong Normal University tookpart in this study. They were recruited by completing PARQ&YOU questionnaire and answeringquestions about health and living habit. None were drinking and smoking, and none had heart,respiratory system diseases and sports contraindications. They were randomly divided into twogroups: experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=8). All subjects were told the purposeand process of this experiment, had written informed consent to participate and were told thepurpose and the process of this experiment.Contents:①The effect of seven-week Swiss ball core stability training on cardiac autonomicnerve regulation function;②The effect of seven-week Swiss ball core stability training oncardiopulmonary function;③The effects of seven-week Swiss ball core stability training on bloodpressure, simple POMS, and body composition.Methods: In this article, the methods of experimental, literature, survey and mathematical statistics were used.(1)Training method: the experimental group carried out seven weeks Swissball core stability training (30minutes of each time,3times a week) under the guidance ofspecialized teachers. The control group maintained normal lifestyle and movement, and didn’t doany related exercise during the experiment.(2)Indexes test:①The changes of heart rate variabilityindexes which include time domain indexes-SD, RMSSD and frequency domain indexes-LF, HFand LF/HF were measured and analyzed with POLAR S810i heart rate monitor produced inFinland.②The maximal oxygen absolute values (L/min) and the maximal oxygen relative values(ml/kg/min) were measured and analyzed with Monark Ergomedic839E bicycle ergometerproduced in Sweden.③Body composition indexes were measured with Vicente body compositionanalyzer produced in Korean.(3)Data statistics: After all data had been verified, statistical analysishas been done using SPSS15.0for windows. Pair T-test was used for testing differencesignificance in group, and the independent-samples T test was used for testing differencesignificance between groups，significant differences and extreme significant differences wereconsidered at P<0.05and P<0.01,respectively.All results are presented as mean±SD.Results:①Seven-week Swiss ball core stability training could improve exercise performance ofsubjects.②Resting HR of the experimental group were reduced after four-week Swiss ball corestability training（P<0.05）.③The SD, RMSSD and HF in resting state of experimental groupwere significantly increased after four-week Swiss ball core stability training（P<0.05）；In exercise,HF of kneeling on the ball5min was significantly increased contrasting with kneeling on the ball10min after seven-week Swiss ball core stability training(P=0.067); The resting state of HRVindexes which were measured5minutes after exercise were no significant difference（P<0.05）；In three exercise levels(kneeling on ball5min, kneeling on ball10min, kneeling on ball15min),the changes of HRV before, during, and after exercise were consistent.④After four-weekSwiss ball core stability training, the maximal oxygen absolute value and respiration difference ofexperimental group were very significantly increased (P<0.01), the maximal oxygen relative valuewas significantly increased (P<0.05); After seven-week Swiss ball core stability training, themaximal oxygen absolute value and maximal oxygen relative value of experimental group werevery significantly increased(P<0.01).⑤After four-week Swiss ball core stability training,diastolic blood pressure of experimental group was significantly decreased (P<0.01); Afterseven-week Swiss ball core stability training,diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure of experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05).⑥After seven-week Swiss ball corestability training, energy index was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions:①In Swiss ball core stability training process, SD, RMSSD, LF, HF weresignificantly decreased, and HR, LF/HF were significantly increased, that showed sympatheticnervous were relatively enhanced and the vagus nervous were relatively weakened.②Afterfour-week Swiss ball core stability training, the resting HR was decreased, and SD, RMSSD, HFwere significantly increased, so this showed that four-week Swiss ball core stability training couldsignificantly increase parasympathetic nervous tension and sympathetic nervous in resting state.③Seven-week Swiss ball core stability training could significantly decrease blood pressure,improve cardiopulmonary function, and enhance the sense of energy. Swiss ball core stabilitytraining not only improve the stability of the core of the body, but also effectively increase thecardiopulmonary and its regulatory function, so it is suggested that this training method mighthave a significant role in improving physical fitness and relieving stress.Suggestions:①The breathing frequency affect heart rate variability. In this study, subjects onlymaintained the natural rhythm of breathing, but the respiratory rhythm might produce adaptivechange before and after exercise, so in future research we should strictly control breathingfrequency to maintain the consistency of respiratory rhythm before and after measurements.②Inthis article, we only observed the difference between core stability training with the control group,and not set up the traditional stability training group, so it was difficult to explain the unique valueof core stability exercise. It is suggested that a traditional training group should be set up in futureresearch at the same time.③In future research, we should increase the difficulty of the task withthe improving of subjects physical, so as to maintain the consistency of the exercise load toanalysis and comparison of the results.