The Dynamic Mechanism Of The U.S.New Trade Protection

As the biggest developing country in the world, China’s economy grew rapidly after opening up,as well as the scale of foreign trade.China has become an important part of the world economy.However,the global financial crisis happened in2008led to the spread of trade protection,which greatly reduced the demand of Chinese products all over the world.China is facing a complex and volatile economic environment abroad.Among all the trade conflicts,the U.S. trade protection against China is most representative.The new protection measures carried out by the U.S. has affected the Sino-US trade relationship,as well as China’s industry upgrade and economic development. Therefore,it is of great significance to find out the cause of the U.S. trade protection.It will help us to forecast the trend of the U.S. trade policy, to take more responsive measures,and to cut losses.This paper made a comprehensive analysis on the political,economic and institutional factors affected the U.S. international economic policy,figured out how did the affecting factors cause the U.S. trade protection after the global financial crisis.Considering the economic policy making is never a pure economic problem,we used international political economy theory to build up a framework contains both "national interests" and "interest groups" factors.Then made an empirical analysis on the correlation between those factors and the protection measures,to reveal which one dominant the U.S. trade policy making.More specifically,this paper is composed of five chapters.The first chapter reviewed relevant literatures of trade protectionism,the U.S. economic policy toward China,and the meaning,the structure of this study.The second chapter summarized the most three popular international policy economy theories about trade protection.That is the hegemonic stability theory,the pluralism theory and the nationalism theory.The third chapter systematically analysed main determinants of the U.S. International economy policy,and made a conclusion that the U.S. international trade policy making is "two-level games":the first level game is between "national interests" and "interest groups" in domestic,and the second level game is between the U.S. and its trade partners.So the U.S. government positively is "the democratic government"--it not only focuses on "national interests",but also cares about "interest groups",which is the combination of "the benevolent government" and "the self-concern government".Based on the analysis of the previous chapter,the fourth chapter took trade defence measures implemented on manufacturing industry as an empirical research object,and used logit model with statistical data from2008-2011to look into the degree of "national interests" and "interest groups" influenced the U.S. trade policy.The result showed that,"national interests" had an significant impact on the U.S. trade policy,while "interest groups" just had a modest effect on it.The fifth chapter explained why the influence of "national interests" is getting bigger,and the influence of "interest groups" is weakening in post financial crisis era. Finally, this paper provides some valuable policy recommendations as follows:We should improve industrial early warning mechanisms,optimize the structure of exports, purse the strategy of diversifying market,and put emphasis on imports.Meanwhile,it is necessary for Chinese government to enhance China’s international influence by actively participating in international and regional economic cooperation,and deepening multilateral and bilateral economic and trade relations.Especially using China-US strategic and economic dialogues to establish mutually beneficial bilateral trade relation,and promote understanding and trust between two countries.