Study On Enhancement Of Dynamic Comparative Advantage Of Sales-based Cluster

Since the implement of reform and opening-up policy, the proliferation of industrial clusters has effectively promoted the economic and social development. A large number of small and medium enterprises gather as a cluster to reduce "search cost" of information and build the network of division of labor among enterprises to share innovations, thus the formation of Marshall external economic rise as agglomeration economies. But with the development of the cluster, the spillover of innovations can seduce the enterprises in the cluster to be "free-rider". When the cluster innovation reaches a certain level, enterprises’competing to imitate others gradually become a common phenomenon and innovative mechanisms are broken down because of "market failure", known as "Prisoner’s Dilemma". Thus, external economic steeps down, so as to constitute the "bottleneck" of cluster development. Study on how to resolve this obstacle, how to reverse the downward trend of cluster external economy to become an urgent issue, which is of great significance for achieving cluster dynamic comparative advantage and sustainable development.In this paper, by analyzing the Zhejiang Yiwu clusters found in the typical case, industry chain governance can effectively reverse the downward trend of the economy of the cluster external economy. Based on downstream industry chain governance, the expansion of downstream market size can promote the upstream development cycle optimization; Then, enhancement of the efficiency of the upstream R&D activities can lead the middle stream of the manufacturing sector to obtain both the "economies of scale" and "economies of scope"; and from this counterproductive, downstream sale of part further promote effective expansion of market size. Specific ways, including:(1) through the implementation of the business strategy of "low-profit pricing" in the downstream industry chain, the formation of "depression economy "effect can expand the size of the market, so as to enhance the level of division of labor between the trading and enterprise;(2) expansion of market size increases the total profits of the enterprises in the cluster, and in turn the increase of R&D investment, intellectual property maintenance efficiency in the upper stream. At the same time, the expansion of sales channels will help the enterprises to grasp the changes in consumer demand and thus early correction of design parameters in order to improve and optimize the research, to reduce R&D risk, to further enhance the efficiency of R&D;(3) enhancement of the efficiency of the upstream development cycle can promote the middle reaches of the manufacturing sector to obtain both the "economy of scale" and "economies of scope", which make product differentiation and cost-effective be ready to meet consumer demand for product diversity, and to further expand the market size. With the collaborative interaction through the links in the chain, external economy can be realized externally and reverse the downward of external economy. In this process, the entrepreneurship as the main package of elements can be configured by "learning by doing", so that it can further promote the improvement of the business performance and the effective expansion of market size. Expansion of market scale deepens the division of labor, accelerate accumulation of senior elements, enhance the endowment structure and enhance cluster’s dynamic comparative advantage.Exploring the proceeding mechanism based on the use of econometric models, the results showed that:(1) Total factor productivity (TFP) analysis presented preliminary estimate and verify cluster external economic changes of "N" type, and it argues that industry chain governance can make the downward trend of cluster external economy reversed;(2) in the downstream industry chain,"low-profit pricing" strategy sells more to increase the level of corporate profits, in line with the principle of the" Laffer curve ";(3) sales-based industry chain governance can significantly promote the enhancement of TFP, speed up the accumulation of per capita and upgrade the endowment structure;(4) entrepreneurship can endogenously improve business performance and make cluster dynamic comparative advantage to play better.