Preparation And Capacitive Performance Of Polyaniline And Its Derivative

With the progress of our society, growing demands for power sources of transient high-powerdensity have stimulated a fast development of electrochemical supercapacitor. Supercapacitors have playedan very important role in power-source applications such as electric vehicles, burst power generation, andother related devices.Polyaniline has a lot of advantages, such as high conductivity, good redox reversibility andenvironmental stability. So, a lot of research have been done about polyaniline involving rechargeablebatteries, supercapacitor, etc. In this paper, aniline derivatives were synthesized: N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)aniline and N-hydroxyethylaniline. Then, we mainly study the capacitance performance of conductivepolymer and carbon material which are prepared from aniline derivatives. According to differentenergy-storage mechanisms, conducting polymer and carbon materials respectively correspond to redoxsupercapacitors and the electrochemical double layer capacitors. Finally, capacitive properties of materialsZnCl2activation polyaniline derivatives have been studyed.Selecting aniline and N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)-aniline as monomers, different proportionsconductive polymer of the aniline and poly N-(3-hydroxy-propyl) aniline was synthesized on the basis ofthe research of electrochemical polymerization.The physical properties of the conductive polymer can becharacterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and other techniques. First, electrodes should be prepared by coating conductive polymer on thesurface of stainless steel. Then, The capacitance performance of conductive polymer electrodes has beentested in a three-electrode system with1MH2SO4.Nnder the conditions1mA/cm2current density and0-0.6V voltage range, single electrode specific capacitance of polyaniline, poly-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl)aniline, poly-N-(3-hydroxy-propyl) aniline/aniline=1/1can respectively reach537F/g,477F/g,380F/gIn the experiments,selecting aniline and N-hydroxyethyl aniline as the monomers, we havechoosed different soft templates (PVA/PVP/CMC/SDS/CTAB/ethanol) to improve the morphology of thepolymer. Selecting APS, FeCl3as oxidant and SDS as surfactant, conductive polymer had good sphericalmorphology in1mol/L HCl.The conductive polymer as a precursor, the carbon material of the different temperatures（from500℃to900℃）was prepared in N2atmosphere. Carbon material of the differenttemperatures have been prepared from different series of polymerprecursor(A=polyaniline,B=poly-N-hydroxyethylaniline,C=N-hydroxyethylaniline/aniline=1/1). Carbonmaterials of A-700℃,B-800℃and C-800℃have performanced optimal capacitance characteristics.TheSpecific capacitance of A-700℃,B-800℃and C-800℃were147F/g,78F/g and54F/g at0.1A/g currentdensity, respectively.ZnCl2is selected to activate conductive polymers, carbon materials obtained by the polymersprecursor after activation. The capacitance performance of the material has greatly improved afteractivation treatment by ZnCl2. Carbon materials of A-600℃,B-700℃and C-600℃have showed optimalcapacitance characteristics. The Specific capacitance were265F/g,258F/g and258F/g at0.1A/g currentdensity, respectively.When the current density rises to10A/g, the specific capacitance were still as high as180F/g,185F/g and186F/g, respectively.