Simultaneous Extraction, Esterification And Transesterification Of Low Grade Oil For Biodiesel Production

Human confronted with the double crises of energy depletion and environmentaldegradation．Finding the substitute energy resources actively that environmental friendly andrenewable become to the focus over the world. Biodiesel is a potential substitute ofconventional fossil diesel and has many advantages such as renewable, environment-friendly,high cetane number, excellent combustion behavior and power performance and can be usedin diesels directly without modifying．The paper mainly focused on simultaneous extraction, esterification andtransesterification of Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed and Pistacia Chinensis seed of high freefatty acids (FFA) and low character with methanol and ethanol under the catalysis of sulfuricacid，and the instrumental analyses of the product biodiesel were carried out. we selected theoptimum process conditions of oil extraction by using the comparison research of ultrasonicmethod，studying biodiesel production process， The conclusions as follows：1. A novel technique to produce biodiesel from Zanthoxylum bungeanum seedscontaining high free fatty acids (FFA) in one step by simultaneous extraction, esterificationand transesterification in Soxhlet apparatus was developed. The yields of extraction, fatty acidcompositions and acid values of Z. bungeanum seed oil (ZSO) extracted with differentsolvents were determined. With solvent-to-seed ratio6(ml/g), extraction time4h andextraction temperature95°C, the extraction yields of ZSO with methanol and ethanol reachedabove20%and the acid values of corresponding ZSO were56.9and41.9mg KOH/g,respectively. The final acid values of ZSO were reduced to below10mg KOH/g whensulfuric acid was used as catalyst. High conversions to ZSO biodiesel with methanol andethanol were obtained from Z. bungeanum seeds, respectively, by simultaneous extraction,esterification and transesterification, which were confirmed by1H NMR. The techniquereduced the processing step and has the potential of reducing cost for biodiesel productionfrom vegetable oils containing FFA.2. In simultaneous oil extraction and acid-catalyzed esterification of Pistacia chinensisseed containing high free fatty acid with methanol and ethanol and with sulfuric acid ascatalyst were investigated. In this paper, the Soxhlet extraction was found as an effective method and Pistacia chinensis seeds are a potential and suitable non–edible feedstock forbiodiesel production. The effect of solvent type on P. chinensis seed oil extraction and bothmethanol and ethanol can be used as solvent for P. chinensis seed oil extraction wereinvestigated. The most important factors which influenced the case of reducing acid valuewere with the combination of seed-to-ethanol ratio1:5, sulfuric acid6%, temperature95°Cand reaction time4h, the acid value of P. chinensis seed oil was reduced from11.6to4.2mgKOH/g, which was selected for simultaneous extraction and acid-catalyzed esterification of P.chinensis seed oil.3. Biodiesel was produced from Pistacia chinensis seeds having high free fatty acids bysimultaneous extraction, sulfuric acid-catalyzed esterification and transesterification. Aseed-to-solvent ratio of1:5, catalyst amount of3.0%, reaction time of12h and reactiontemperature of95°C were found to clearly affect the conversion to biodiesel. The biodieselproduction process was also confirmed by1H NMR...