Research On The Heavy Metal Pollution In Surface Water、Soil、River Sediment And Vegetations In Xiao’yu River Gold Mine

The development of gold mining, separation and smelting can easily take some heavymetals like Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr into external environment, so it can get some heavy metalpollution in surface water、soil、river sediment and vegetations. The mining activities arefrequently in Qingling Xiao’yu river gold field, and now it made12piles of waste rocks and7tailings, so it takes the pollution risk of heavy metals to surface water、soil、river sediment andvegetations. Based on research of heavy metal pollution in Qinling Xiao’yu gold mining area,necessity for recovering and managing the pollution caused by mining has been provided. Bysampling surface water、soil、river sediment and vegetations(Wormwoods and Lyme grass) inXiao’yu River from upstream to downstream,using flame atomic absorptionspectrophotometry analyzed the component and content of Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr in samples,and by taking the method of potential ecological index、the single pollution index methodand Integrated pollution index method、geo-accumulation pollution index、The pollution loadindex evaluate the condition of heavy metal pollution. The paper preliminary analysis of thevarious metals released, migration and transformation law in different environmental media,and explored the environmental effects of heavy metal pollution in mining area.From the analysis of the samples, we have found that the content of heavy metals inthe surface water is significantly correlated with each other and it is badly polluted, which canbe found from the upstream to the downstream. The testing results show that the downstreamsurface water is polluted so serious that its content of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr exceeded thestandard ratio by1.143,4.46,3.3, and6.83, which has been made improper for irrigation. Theresults of our experimental testing and measurement show that the pollution rate is in theorder of downstream>middle>upstream, with the downstream more serious polluted, in whichthe main heavy metal pollutants in the sediment are Pb and Cd. The experimental analysisworks out the biological activity coefficient in different heavy metals, which reveal the heavymetal migration follows the order below: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>Cr.The sequence of heavy metals content in soil in the mass is downstream>middle>upstream, also the main pollutants are Cd、Cu、Zn. By analyzing the distribution and biological effectiveness in soil, the migration orderof heavy metals is Cd>Pb>Cu≈Zn>Cr. Between Wormwoods and Lyme grass, Zn、Pb、Cuhave high content and Cr、Cd have less content, as well as metals accumulated from upstreamto downstream. The absorbing abilities of the same plant is differs when absorbing differentheavy metals, so is different plants absorbing the same metal. Lyme grasses and Wormwoodsboth have been badly polluted by heavy metals, and the degree of pollutants’ content isPb>Cd>Cr>Cu>Zn.In conclusion, the surface water、soil、river sediment and vegetations in Xiao’yu goldmining area have been severely polluted, recovery and management of pollution are badly inneed.