Electrochemical Sensors Based On New Carbon Nanomaterials

New carbon nanomaterials have been a hot spot since the discovery of fullerene,carbon nanotubes and graphene. These new carbon nanomaterials have excellentchemical and physical properties, and have great potential applications in many areas.People can make new carbon nanomaterials by modifying the existing carbonnanomaterials or developing new methods for the preparation process, and many newcarbon nanomaterials have been developed and used in many areas. In this thesis, weinvestigated the application of new carbon nanomaterials in electrochemical sensor.The main point is summarized as follows:(1) Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) were prepared by oxidative longitudinal unzippingof carbon nanotubes. With unique properties, such as good electrical conductivity,high electrocatalytic property and easily dispersed in water, the GNRs weremodified by beta-cyclodextrin (CD), which had the ability to selectively bindsome organic molecules. The as prepared GNRs-CD was used to modify glassycarbon (GC) electrode for electrochemical determination of pentachlorophenol(PCP). Because of their excellent electrocatalytic ability and selective bindingproperty towards PCP, GNRs-CD/GC electrode had low limit of detection (LOD),wide linear response range, good reproducibility and stability, and could be usedto detect PCP in tap water.(2) Nitrogen doped porous carbon nanopolyhedrons (N-PCNPs) were prepared fromdirect carbonization of ZIF-8nanopolyhedrons, and characterized by XRD, TEM,SEM, XPS, and nitrogen adsorption isotherm. N-PCNPs showed uniformmorphology, narrow pore-size distribution centered at3.7nm, high surface area(2221m2/g), and good electrochemical properties, and were used to modify GCelectrode for simultaneous electrochemical determination of ascorbic acid (AA),dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). Because of N-PCNPs’ excellent properties, theN-PCNPs/GC electrode showed better electrocatalytic properties and lower LOD,good linear response range.(3) N-PCNPs showed excellent physicochemical properties, at the same time, acidoxidized carbon nanotubes (AO-CNTs) were reported to have good electrocatalyticability, good biocompatibility and can be easily dispersed in water. So we preparedN-PCNPs/AO-CNTs to modify GC electrode. The N-PCNPs/AO-CNTs/GC electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic ability toward the oxidation ofhydrogen peroxide, and could be used to detect hydrogen peroxide in water.Furthermore, we developed a new electrochemical sensor for glucose based on theglucose oxidase (GOD) modified N-PCNPs/AO-CNTs/GC electrode, whichshowed good linear response range and low LOD.