Research On Influnces Of Tourism Activities On Desert Ecological Environment

China is one of the vast desert distribution countries in the world. In recent years, with the expansion of the tourism industry, the improvement of living standards, and various preferential policies, desert tourism is growing. The desert tourism resources of Ningxia are rich and typical, such as Shapotou Sand Lake、Yellow sand ancient crossing. A large number of tourists from all over the world are attracted by unique tourism resources so that the number of tourists set a new record. On the day of October3,2013,45,000tourists went to the sand lake and33,500tourists went to the Shapotou.A large number of tourists had a devastating effect to the scenic area. In order to survey and evaluate the degree of influence, provide theoretical basis for protection and ecological restoration of Ningxia desert tourism scenic, provide a scientific basis for quantitative assessment of the environmental impact of tourist activities and So as to promote Ningxia desert tourism and the sustainable development of the whole tourism industry, this paper studies the impact of tourists activities to swim trails, vegetation and soil crust of typical desert scenic area in Ningxia. Main results are as follows:(1) Using a method of fait accompli calculates and analyzes the degree of trampling of vegetation and soil crust on both sides of swim trails in Yellow sand ancient crossing and Shapotou scenic spot. The result shows that influence scope of tourism trampling to swim trails is4m in the two scenic spot, but the north of Shapotou is less affected because of the palisade; The ticket office (sample with1) of wet land park in Yellow sand ancient crossing is the most affected, and the average value of ILCI is as high as74%; Because of the palisade on both sides of the plank road, the average value of ILCI in north of Shapotou (sample with4)is less than43%. The other three samples present the change of the "high-low-high" from swim trails edge to the remote sample region.(2)The questionnaires shows the vegetation coverage along tourist trails should less than16.4%,which is the limits of acceptable change to tourists.But the vegetation coverage along tourist trails of north of Shapotou is more than16.4%.This shows that there is natural incompatible relationship between demand of tourist to the desert empty and desolate and desert ecological management. The higher level of amusement project results in the larger service radius,the more tourists,the greater use frequency and desert area.(3)Using the simulation method,the author sets three different angles and different vegetation types of samples.By the way of artificial simulation tourists trample,observing vegetation restoration situation after trample to measure the degree of influence.Results indicate:With the increase of tourist activity,the coverage of vegetation decline, the height of plant reduce, the quantity and kinds decrease,soil crust fragmentation increase. Because of different angle of sand dune, the impact of tourist activity to vegetation and soil is different. Vegetation and biological crust of sample C which is the biggest angle suffer from the devastation.(4)Using the fuzzy evaluation method to make environmental impact assessment of desert tourism activities.The results show:the diversity of desert biological resources, the reputation of sand dune landscape,desert tourism environmental bearing capacity, traffic environment of tourism,the level of scenic area greening,the capacity of sewage treatment, garbage disposal,the economic development level, the reception capacity,and the social guiding demonstration are affected by tourism activity greatly;The influence of tourism activity to desert tourism resources characteristic, scenic spot noise level, air quality and social security in is small.It has important implications for reducing the pressure of the scenic spot environment, alleviating ecosystem contradiction and improve the environment of desert,innovating management system and realizing the desert scenic area of Ningxia sustainable development.(5)Suggestions of environment management in Ningxia desert scenic.①Do a good job in the environmental impact assessment work, formulate scientific and effective travel plans.②Take reasonable tourists diversion measures to improve the bearing capacity of the scenic spot and the quality of sightseeing.③Plan the functional zoning reasonable, pay special attention to the off-season development and the rest of scenic spots system.④Control of pollution strictly, strengthen the protection to lakes and wetlands of desert scenic.⑤Play function of popular science education, popularize the education of ecological and environmental protection to visitors.