Characters Of Estrogens Pollution In Jiulong River Watershed-Estuary-Taiwan Strait System And Study Of Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampling

The occurrence of estrogens in the aquatic environment has become a major concern worldwide because of their strong endocrine disrupting potency. As an important transport medium, water bodies play an important role in the fate and occurrence of EDCs in the environment. To date, studies of EDCs in the water environment focus primarily on the occurrence of EDCs in the environment. To date, studies of EDCs in the water environment focus primarily on the occurrence of EDCs in a local area. But the systematic studies are necessary on the transfer of EDCs especially in the river-estuary-sea system. Integrative passive sampling is a new approach developed for environmental monitoring. The use of polar organic chemical integrative sampling has been recently documented for the detection of polar organic compounds in the environment to achieve a time weighted average concentration.This study clearly demonstrated the presence of estrogenic compounds and estrogenic activities in Jiulong River-Estuary-Taiwan Strait System through the chemical analyses. POCIS was also examined for its sampling efficiency to four kinds of estrogenic compounds in this study. The main results are the following:1. This study clearly showed that concentrations of EDCs in surface water in Jiulong River-estuary-Taiwan Strait. As for spatial distribution, Levels of natural estrogens in Jiulong River are the highest, followed by levels of estuary and Taiwan Strait; Levels of environmental estrogens in Taiwan Strait are the highest, followed by levels of estuary and Jiulong River. As for seasonal variation, concentrations of natural estrogens and environmental estrogens in dry season are higher than in wet season; however, levels of synthetic estrogens in dry season are lower than in wet season.2. The average contribution rates of E3to natural estrogens and the average contribution rates of BPA to alkyphenol were examined. The results demonstrated E2can transform into E1then degrade into E3in the aquatic environment. As for seasonal variation, estradiol was only detected in dry season.3. Sources of EDCs in Jiulong River mainly bases on point sources; And it could be speculated that the prime source of BPA in Taiwan Strait is likely to be other important inputs rather than Jiulong river. Spatial variations of estrogenic activities were also observed in surface water from Jiulong River-Estuary-Taiwan Strait System. The estrogenic activities of Jiulong river was higher than estuary and Taiwan Strait. Some sampling sites in Jiulong river were found to have values of above1.0ng/L. It indicated that this area may have potential to cause estrogenic effects on some organisms.4. POCIS was examined for its sampling efficiency to four kinds of estrogenic compounds (EDCs:estrone,17a-ethynylestradiol,17β-estradiol, estriol) in this study. The kinetic studies showed an integrative uptake up to7d and sampling rates decreased as the temperature increased(RSD>12%). As for different concentrations of target compounds, sampling rate was not affected by the concentrations(RSD<5%)..5. After laboratory experiments, an environmental field study was performed in Jiulong River. The results showed that sampling rates of POCIS in dry season were higher than in wet season. The results also showed that there was a relatively good correlation between measured and calculated values(r=0.6501, p<0.001). It demonstrated that POCIS can be used in aquatic field systems.