| Turmeric, is one of the zingiberaceae perennial herbs of the genus curcuma, which contains a variety of chemical composition, has a good medicinal value and the economic outlook. The reports show that researchers at home and abroad had done analysis of chemical active ingredient in turmeric, purification and pharmacological study etc. However, the research on flavonoids, are some of the important components in turmeric, had not been reported. And the systematic study of active ingredients in turmeric also rarely reported. By using some modern analysis and detection means such as UV, HPLC, GC and GC-MS etc, this thesis had made a systematic and comprehensive study on the main ingredient in turmeric including flavonoids, curcumin and turmeric oil. The results will provide the important reference for further effective development and utilization of turmeric medicinal materials.My main work as follows:1. The comparative study of the influence of the flavonoid yield in turmeric by different extraction methods. Solvent refluxing extraction, ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction method and so on three different extraction methods were emphatically studied to extract flavonoids in turmeric. Conditions were optimized by the single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. Having determined the best extraction method and the best extraction conditions of flavonoids, corresponding to the highest yield. The comparative result of three methods was that solvent refluxing extraction was the best method, and the highest of flavonoids yield was1.54%.2. Analysis of flavonoids in turmeric. The content of flavonoids in turmeric was determined by improved spectrophotometry. Under the condition of wavelength508nm, sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate as the chromogenic agent, normal color, using spectrophotometer to detect after fifteen minutes. Standard solution within the scope of4μg/mL-40μg/mL had such a good linear relationship, the linear regression equation was y=11.751x+0.0024, and correlation index R2=0.9999. Relative standard deviation of the total content of flavonoids in turmeric, which had been measured, was1.84%. This showed that the precision of the method was in good condition. Standard addition recovery within the scope of97.10%-103.75%, the average was99.45%, these data showed that this method was suitable for the determination of the total content of flavonoids in turmeric, and the result was accurate, reliable.3. Analysis of the total of curcumin in curcuma. Using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and HPLC to analye curcumin compounds, comprehensive comparison of these two kinds of analysis method on modern instruments, by changing the species of mobile phase, the proportion of mobile phase and the content of ion regulator, to discuss and determine the optimal chromatographic conditions of curcumins separated and detected. The effective separation method and content determination of curcuminoids were carried out. The HPLC method was proven to be of high precision and recoveries. The result showed that the best chromatographic conditions for the seperation of the curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin was as follows:with the column temperature of35℃, acetonitrile-water(1.0%glacial acetic acid)55:45(V:V) as mobile phase with the flow rate of1.0mL/min, UV detection wavelength424nm. Under above condition, the total yield of curcumin that was extracted by solvent refluxing extraction, ultrasonic extraction and soxhlet extraction method was respectively3.02%,2.74%and1.69%, and the total yield of curcumin that was extracted by four different solvent of methyl alcohol, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate was respectively2.97%,2.44%,1.89%and1.67%. The result indicated that three kinds of target in curcumin component detected by using HPLC method were not only good separated, but the yield of three targets and the total yield of curcumin derivatives can be calculated separately by external standard method.4. Identification on components of turmeric oil. Gas chromatographic method was used to optimize the chromatographic conditions for turmeric oil that was extracted by the different method and solvent. The optimal separation effect of turmeric oil on the chromatographic condition was determined, with the injection port temperature of260℃, detector temperature280℃, injection volume1.0μL, split ratio30:1, N2as carrier gas with the flow rate of1.0mL/min, temperature programme:80℃'10℃/min'180℃'4℃/min'260℃. Then using GC-MS to separate and identify chemical compositions of turmeric oil. The results showed that the highest content of eight components of relative contents by three different extraction methods-ultrasound, reflow and Soxhlet extraction were a-Curcumene (6.69%、6.43%、5.96%)、 α-Bergamotene (5.06%、4.52%、4.92%)、 p-Bisabolene (2.23%、2.02%、0.89%)、 β-Sesquiphellandrene (8.03%、7.87%、7.74%)、 ar-Turmerone (12.45%、12.12%、11.73%)、Turmerone(7.94%、7.62%、6.34%)、 Germacrone (8.36%、0.00%、8.15%)、 Curdione (12.55%、12.20%、11.69%); The highest content of eight components of relative contents by three different solvents-acetone, hexane and petroleum ether reflux extraction were a-Curcumene(6.71%、6.43%、6.09%)、 α-Bergamotene(4.88%、4.52%、 4.88%)、β-Bisabolene(1.89%、2.04%、2.02%)、β-Sesquiphellandrene(6.86%、7.87%、6.38%)、ar-Turmerone (10.85%、12.12%、10.72%)、Turmerone (6.67%、7.62%、6.41%)、 Germacrone(6.97%、0.00%、6.72%). Curdione(11.35%、12.20%、11.95%). |
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