The Solubilization Of Dispersants Acting On The Oil And The Effects Of Dispersions On The Development Of Marine Medaka Embryos

With the frequent happening of oil spill accidents, a lot of petroleum hydrocarbons entered the sea through various ways. It is not only a waste of energy. More seriously, it brings immeasurable destruction to the ecological environment. This study simulated the acute and subacute toxicity effects of120#oil water-accommodated fractions(WAF), chemical enhanced water-accommodated fractions(CE-WAF), biological enhanced water-accommodated fractions (BE-WAF) on ocean model organisms-marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma) embryos under the conditions of laboratory. By detecting the contents of petroleum hydrocarbons in the dispersions, petroleum hydrocarbons dose-effect relationships were built to study the toxicity mechanism of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine medaka embryos, and compared the toxicity effects before and after adding the dispersants and found out the differences of biological toxicity effects on different dispersions. It was aimed to provide reference data for evaluating petroleum hydrocarbons pollution extents of the damage to the marine ecological environment accurately, and also it can be applied to the early-warning of petroleum hydrocarbons pollution.Firstly, the UV was used to detect the contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in120#oil. It was found that the TPH content levels in dispersions have obviously improved after adding the dispersants, and the order of concentrations of TPH in dispersions:CE-WAF (GM-2)> BE-WAF> CE-WAF (BL919)> WAR It is suggested that the dispersants can promote the dissolution of petroleum hydrocarbons in sea water, and the order is:GM-2> WP> BL919.Secondly, using the gas chromatography(GC-FID) and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to detect the contents of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in120#oil dispersions. The results showed that the contents of the n-alkanes were in the order of CE-WAF (BL919)> BE-WAF> CE-WAF (GM-2)> WAF; the contents of the PAHs were in the order of CE-WAF (GM-2)> BE-WAF> CE-WAF(BL919)> WAF. Finally, through making the marine medaka embryos exposed to dispersions, the changes of marine medaka embryos’ growth, development and shape were observed to explore the influence of120#oil dispersions. The results showed that the toxic effect of120#oil dispersions to marine medaka fish embryos get further ascension after adding the dispersants, and toxicity sizes were in the order of BE-WAF>CE-WAF (BL919)>WAF.