Research On Pollution Loads And Aerobic Composting Of Livestock And Poultry Breeding Of Liao River Basin In Jilin Province

All tributaries of Liao River, one of Chinese7major rivers, are at its source inJilin Province. Liao River Basin in Jilin includes2prefecture-lever cities—Liaoyuanand Siping—and5county-level administrative regions—Dongliao, Gongzhuling,Lishu, Shuangliao and Yitong. Part of livestock and poultry industry of Liao RiverBasin in Jilin Province is flourishing. Research shows that non-point source pollutionfrom livestock and poultry breeding provides a higher contribution rate than pointsource pollution from industry. It leads to the result of excessive amounts of mainpollutants at leave-boundary section and increasingly significant impact on society. Inorder to prevent and control the livestock and poultry pollution to the environment ofLiao River Basin in Jilin Province, it is necessary to comprehend its pollution loadsand pollution prevention technology suited for the basin. In this research, livestockand poultry pollution loads in Liao River Basin were estimated and aerobiccomposting of livestock and poultry excrement was simulated. Then pollutioncontrolling measures were put forward to provide scientific basic for formulatingpolicy.Estimate of livestock and poultry pollution loads: Based on feces discharge rates,livestock and poultry pollution (COD, NH3-N, TN and TP) input loads, export loadsand delivered-to-rivers loads of different cities and counties were estimated, and thenthe feces pollution loads and nitrogen and phosphorus balance rates were calculated.The results are as follows:1. COD accounted for the largest proportion of pollution loads, followed by TN,TP and NH3-N.2. The average alarm value of livestock and poultry pollution loads was0.61andthe alert level reached Ⅱ. The alarm value of pollution loads of Yitong, Shuangliaoand Lishu were0.95,0.90and0.70respectively and all the alert levels reached Ⅲ,which would damage to the environment; The alert levels of Liaoyuan, Siping andDongliao were all Ⅰ, which was safe for the environment. 3. Both nitrogen and phosphorus balance rates (8.15and11.26respectively) inGongzhuling were considerably greater than1. It revealed that superfluous nitrogenand phosphorus supply had exceeded the largest crops demand and threatened theenvironment. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus balance rates in Shuangliao, andYitong were slightly greater than1and those in other prefectures were less than1.Indoor aerobic composting of livestock and poultry excrement: Changes ofcompost temperature, pH, TN, TP, TK, C/N, humus were analyzed and the rightcondition for aerobic composting of livestock and poultry in the basin was putforward. The results are as follows:1. Because of concentration effect of nutrients, TP and TK relative contentpresented the upward trend with the compost process, while TN relative contentdecreased at first, and then increased slowly. C/N reduced as the result of significantdecrease of TC and slight increase of TN. The decrease of humin and fulvic acid andthe increase of humic acid made HA/FA presented the upward trend. The time ofcompost process could be shortened by adding sludge for waste utilization withoutsignificant influence on nutrients content.2. With straw added to the compost, regulate C/N within28-30, initial moisturecontent within50%-60%, pH within6.6-8.6, and temperature within45℃-65℃.Compost oxygen concentration should be kept at15%by natural ventilation, turningand forced ventilation. Activated sludge also could be added to the compost to shortenfermentation period. In at least4weeks, the fermentation process was finished atstable temperature within30℃-40℃. After drying, smashing and sifting, sufficientfermented compost could be used to produce organic fertilizer, compound fertilizerand bio-organic fertilizer.