Research On Location Management Technology In Vehicular Networks

With the increasing of the vehicle in the city, the road becomes more and more crowded. Meanwhile the density of nodes in vehicular networks increases and the network topology is more complicated than before. In order to meet the need of users’ mobility and make full use of network resources, it is urgent to find a new location management scheme which is suitable for vehicular networks. Through the introduction of a good location management strategy, the cost of network resources is reduced, and the network will be connected more rapidly and operated more steadily.Compared with other communication networks, nodes move fast and the topology changes frequently in vehicular networks which bring new challenges to the research on location management. If the static location management scheme widely used in most of the current communication systems is applied in vehicular networks, huge overheads will be brought in. So combining with the actual communication scenarios in vehicular networks, an efficient location management scheme is proposed which divides up the location area appropriately. It is one of the key technical problems to be solved, and has important theoretical and practical value.Firstly, the vehicular network architecture and wireless access standards are introduced in this paper. After the location management schemes in existing communication network are analyzed, a WAVE-based vehicular network location management model and mechanism are proposed. Based on that, a dynamic location management scheme is proposed. The scheme uses GPS information in the vehicle from the latest registration to predict the current speed of the vehicle using the Gauss-Markov model, and estimates the current position of the vehicle. Then the optimal location area is calculated by using optimization method to minimize the net cost of paging and location update, which can adjust the size of the location area according to the mobility of the vehicle and the incoming call arrival rate.In the end, the paper uses Vissim and Matlab tools to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme. The results indicate that the location updating overhead is reduced while the location paging overhead is increased with the increasing of the location area. It also shows that the optimal location area expands as the vehicle’speed increases or the call arrival rate decreases. Compared with the existing static location management approach, the scheme proposed in this thesis saves system resources and is simple to be implemented without increasing the burden on the existing system, which has broad application prospects in vehicular networks.