Simulation Research On The Multi-exit Emergency Evacuation

In recent years, emergencies burst all over the word, and emergency response and management have come to public attention. Meanwhile, owing to the acceleration of China’s urbanization process, the urban scale increase rapidly and constructions are more concentrated. Faced with such a concentration of population density, administrative department must consider the pedestrian evacuation in large public buildings in urban operations management. Moreover, with multi-channel and multi-outlet in public buildings, it is important to make pedestrians select the most effective and safe exit to evacuate. It plays a big role in reducing casualties and the loss of property. Therefore, there is an important practical significance in research on emergency evacuation of the multi-exit building.Currently, researches on the pedestrian evacuation mainly focused on the pedestrian flow analysis, and prefer using evacuation model to describe pedestrian flow characteristics. People are often faced with the problem to choose an exit in reality. However, existing evacuation models did not establish the appropriate exit selection mechanism. Thus, it is imperative to combine the exit selection model with the evacuation model in the evacuation process.The study proposes an integrated multi-exit model. Then, an evacuation simulation of a station hall in Wulin Square station in four scenarios (daily operation, dense passenger flow volume, daily operation with emergency and dense passenger flow volume with emergency) is performed in Microsoft Visual Studio to validate our work. It simulates pedestrian evacuation well in the multi-exits building situation, also provides support for management decision-making and response.The main work of this thesis includes the following aspects:(1) Come up with an integrated multi-exit model. Considering influences of the visual field on the psychological force as well as the impact of the crowd around on the desired speed, the social force model is modified. Meanwhile, come up with an exit selection model accounting the utility for each exit from two aspects, exit objective conditions (design factors and distance factors) and the psychological impact of clogging effect on pedestrians. Combine the exit select model with the modified social force model together, solving multi-exit pedestrian evacation problem in continuous models.(2) Implement the emergency evacuation simulation in the Hangzhou Metro. Analyze pedestrian behavioral characteristics in the subway station. Then, program in Microsoft Visual Studio and simualtions in four scenarios in Wulin Square station hall are carried out. Not only the group behavior characteristics in the emergency evacuation but also the effects of passenger flow volume and panic on the evacuation efficiency are discussed.(3) Put forward the emergency management strategies of subway emergency evacuation.Based on the simulation results, the author proposes management strategies of metro station emergencies from two aspects for the relevant management departments, contingency plans and emergency management.