Quantitative Research On Garden Elements And Environmental Characteristics Of The Humble Administrator’s Garden

The Humble administrator’s garden is the representative of China’s Jiangnan literatigarden, and its main feature is "nowhere dense " and " indifferent".This paper attempts toresearch the design methods and theoretical basis of the garden from the following fouraspects:1. quantitative research on the spatial characteristics of the garden elements;2.quantitative study on the characteristics of the environmental factors;3. main features ofthe pleasant mood and the methods to create it;4. quantitative research on garden elementsand environmental characteristics and relative applications. This paper tries to study theessence of the heritage for better use of it in the future. The main conclusions or results ofthe research are as follows.First, put quantitative research on the spatial characteristics of the garden elements.1. The right proportion and scale of the garden elements, such as water,mountains,buildings and others (road or platform) is2:1:1:2.4.2. Control the distance between the major attractions in the "clear visual distance"range, which means "clearly see the scene in detail”, i.e. within25m~50m range.3. To achieve the “formal beauty”, the main building with other buildings or theoverall landscape should be “fine in the body”, the former “scale and proportion” on thevalue is about7:100, and the later is approximately1:100.4. The appropriate level perspective of the main architectural attractions arrangedaround the main building is about30°to60°. And the vertical viewing angle of the mainattractions and their opposite one should be within25°to29°.5. The layout style of the humble administrator’s garden is water-based landscapegarden. The main mountain heightens the surface, secondary mountain set off the mainmountain. The main quantitative data are as follows: mountains, water ratio of15.8%,31%, both of which accounted for approximately47%; auxiliary mountain and the main mountain ratio of about1:1.2; dispersed water and main water area ratio is about1:1.67;area ratio of the main mountain and main water is1:2.25.6. Attractions on the axis of the main entrance should not through the neutral axis ofattractions. The humble administrator’s deviation angle is3°; the appropriate axis splitratio of the entrance mountain is about1:3; the visual channel placement layout should belocated on the end of the axis.7. The main features of the plant configuration are: evergreen species both in varietyand quantity are far less than the deciduous trees. The choose of the species focus on nativeones; For culture in the mood, the choose of the species focus on farming culture bearingspecies in order to create a clever conception of space with garden theme elements.Second is the quantitative study on the characteristics of the environmental factors.1.After investigation on the five plant communities,we found that in the summer, thelight transmittance is negative correlation with the cooling effect of crown underlying, thecooling rate of between3.90%~14.77%, enabling the lower crown space effectivelyreduce the temperature1.5℃~6.5℃; During the winter, the transmittance of thecommunity and the indoor environment’s gentle warming effect is on the positivecorrelation, the warming rate of11.11%~33.33%, make the indoor environmenteffective temperature rise1℃~4℃. This eco-design approach is mainly attributed to thegreen plant species, quantity and plant community configuration. In a sense, the greenspace system is acting as a "natural air conditioning" to adjust the ambient temperature.2. The water space has a regulatory role in the value of the relative humidity RH,when canopy and shade effects of the attractions constant, and the closer the water, thehigher the air relative humidity RH values; the higher above the water, the smaller therelative air humidity RH values. In summer, the average relative air humidity RH valuesbetween40.25%~52.25%, while the average relative humidity of the air in winter RHvalues between41.55%~47.15%. Summer and winter average air relative humidity RHchange values in the range of1.3%~5.1%, while the outside environment air in summerand winter average relative humidity RH changes in the value of about40%. Thiseco-design approach humidity effects are as follows: the water bodies throughout the entirecentral park, so the air relative humidity RH value of the attractions is basically in arelatively stable range. In a sense, the design and layout of the water body is acting as a"natural air humidity controller” to adjust the relative humidity RH value. Third, the main features of the humble administrator’s garden’s pleasant mood andthe method to create it.The humble administrator’s garden focused on creating artistic practices, acombination of both real and imaginary. Put the "sense" into the situation, the situation into“territory”, and the territory into heart. For private residence garden, the "house" is like"people",“garden" also applies "people”. Although the three main attributes are differentobjects, they reached a perfect unity in the planning and design of the humbleadministrator’s garden.Fourth, put quantitative research on garden elements and environmentalcharacteristics and relative applications.This paper also summarized the personality and common characteristics orquantitative data of the garden elements; classified the pleasant environment’s features ofthe humble administrator’s garden. The purpose is to have a more in-depth understand ofthe artistic and environmental characteristics of the humble administrator’s garden, and thedesign methods to achieve it. So that we can put it into practice in the future, especially inmodern living environmental design projects.