Effects Of Temperature And Light On Plant Growth, Tuber Formation And Development Of Potato Cultivars (Solanum Tuberosum L.)

Potato varieties are mainly cultivated in Inner Mongolia, including Favorita, Desiree and Kexin-1etc, were plant under different temperature and light treatments (periodic sowing, shaded in greenhouse, different temperature light treatments in artificial climate chamber and different zone sowing), Through measuring plant growth, yield, nutritional quality and endogenous hormones content; the effects of temperature and light on potato growth, tuber formation and development were analyzed. The main results as follow:1、Because light and temperature were used for a longer time at early sowing, the plant branch number, main stem number, plant height and leaf area growth of Favorita, Desiree and Kexin-1were increased distinctly, and the content of starch and VC in the tubers were accumulated, but the content of sugar reduced.2、In the tuber formation period, the temperature of He Lin area was higher than Wu Chuan area about6.85℃, but there was no difference on the light intensity of two areas. The content of tuber starch, reducing sugar of three potato varieties in Wu Chuan area iwere slightly higher than He Lin area, but the content of VC, ZR and GA3were slightly lower than He Lin area.3、 With greenhouse moderate shading to reduce the temperature and light intensity in the whole stages, the plant height, branch number, main stem number, leaf area, the content of starch, reducing sugar and VC in the tubers of three varieties reduced significantly; The potato number per plant, rate of big potato and tuber yield increased significantly, in which the early maturity variety Favorita was best. The average potato number per plant, yield and commodity potato rate of three varieties were decreased with shading treatment at different development stages.4、The content of VC in tuber were increased after short-term shading at seedling, budding and flowering stage, but the content of VC changed little with shading at later growth stage; The content of ZR of three varieties was significantly increased with shading treatment from seedling to flowering stage. The content of K, Fe, Zn and Se of three potato varieties tuber was reduced along with the development period, the effects was relatively lesser with shading at early growth stage, but the effects was relatively bigger with shading at early growth stage.5、Three potato varieties of Favorita, Desiree and Kexin-1grew fastest at30℃8h, and grew slowest at20℃14h. The content of starch and VC of three varieties tubers peaked at20℃, but were lowest at30℃. The content of reducing sugar were lowest at20℃12h, and were highest at30℃8h. The content of ABA and IAA of three potato varieties were greatly influenced by the temperature, little by light, the content of leaf’s ABA were bviousiy promote by high temperature, but the content of IAA were restrained.6、The potato plant height increased by short day treatment, conversely reduce, in which plant height reduced largest with long day treatment at seedling stage. The plant branch number and stem diameter of each variety increased with long day treatment, reduced with short day treatment. The rate of big, middle potato and production increased with long day treatment. The content of potato leaf’s ZR and GA3significantly increased with long day treatment at seedling stage. The long light treatment at later growth stage was benefit to the accumulation of potato tubers’K. There were no significant difference in the Fe, Zn, Se content of same variety between different length, shorter photoperiod treatment, the Fe, Zn, Se content of potato tubers were not sensitive to photoperiod.