Studies On The Ensiling Technology Of Crop Straw In Yanhuai Area Of China AA Broilers

Flood disaster is an important limiting factor on the production of crops in the low marsh land along the Huai River in Anhui province. In this study, whole-crop wheat, rice straw, sweet potato stem, peanut vine and corn stover, with a properly large planting area in the low marsh land along the Huai River, were used silage materials to find out an effective method for the lacal crop straw ensiling, which providing a theoretical basis for modulating top quality of crop straw and making contribute to the development of livestock industry in Yanhuai area.Experiment one:In order to investigate the changes in fermentation quality and feeding value of whole crop silage of wheat in different maturity stage, three wheat cultivars(Xinmai18、 Zhoumai22and Huaimai22) were ensiled by polyethylene bag in milk and dough ripening stage to test the fermentation quality and feeding value. Whole crop of wheat ensiled at two maturation stages both provided good silage, but the fermentation quality and feeding value of the silages were significantly different between the maturity stages. The pH value、volatile fatty acid (VFA)(acetic acid (AA), prop ionic acid (PA), butyric acid (BA)) concentration in the silage ensiled at milk ripening stage were significantly lower than that at dough ripening stage, while the lactic acid (LA) content was significantly higher (P<0.05). It indicates that fermentation quality of silage ensiled in the milk ripening stage was better than that in the dough ripening stage. The concentration of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) of the silage ensiled at dough ripening stage were significantly lower than that at milk ripening stage, but the starch content was significantly higher (P<0.05). Then, feeding value of whole crop silage of wheat in dough ripening stage was better. At the milk ripening stage, the fermentation quality of whole crop silage was better owing to the higher WSC content, while at the dough ripening stage, the feeding value of whole crop silage was better owing to seeds increasing and starch accumulation.Experiment two:This study examined the effects of a bacteria inoculant and bran on fermentation quality of upland rice straw (UR) and sweet potato stem (SP). Four treatments were designed respectively in UR and SP materials, including control (C), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), wheat bran (WB) and LAB+WB. Compared with the control, the three additive silages of UR and SP were of good fermentation quality with low pH and NH3-N/TN (ammonia nitrogen to total nitrogen), and high lactic acid (LA) content. UR is difficult to ensile due to its low WSC concentration and less epiphytic LAB. Application with LAB, WB and LAB+WB could improve the silage fermentation of UR. And the order of effectiveness of the treatments was LAB+WB>WB>LAB. Besides, SP is also difficult to ensile due to its high moisture content. Inoculation with LAB could lower the fermention quality of SP, and application with WB and LAB+WB could not restrain the hetero fungus growth. So a good fermentation qulity silage was not provided by SP materials.Expriment three:We evaluated fermentation quality and nutritive value of rice straw ensiled with or without sweet potato stems, by using five ensilage materials as treatments:paddy rice straw (PR), upland rice straw (UR), sweet potato stems (SP), PR+SP (1:1) and UR+SP (1:1). Compared with the silages with a single material (PR, UR and SP), the mixed-material silages (PR+SP and UR+SP) showed higher fermentation quality with lower pH, lower acetic acid and butyric acid concentrations and lower ratios of NH3-N/TN and higher lactic acid concentrations (P<0.05). The mixed-material silages showed higher concentrations of crude protein and lower concentrations of NDF and ADF than PR and UR. The results suggested that ensiling PR or UR with SP could improve the fermentation quality and nutritional value of the rice straws by regulating its adequate moisture concentration and abundant WSC concentration. Ensiling rice straws with sweet potato stems can enhance the utilization of agricultural by-products as local resources.Experiment four:To find an effective method for ensiling peanut vine (PV), fermentation characteristics and nutritional values of PV and the mixture silage of PV with corn stover (CS) prepared by adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB),10%wheat bran (WB) and LAB+WB at ensiling were evaluated in2009and2010. The fermentation qualities of PV silage ensiled with the LAB and WB additives were improved compared with those of the control. However, the pH value did not decline to the critical level of4.2, and the nutritional values of the silage were not protected against losses in the PV silage. Peanut vine ensiled with CS revealed an ideal ability to regulate moisture content and buffering capacity (BC) of ensiled materials. After adding the LAB and WB additives to mixture silage, the fermentation qualities and nutritional values of the silage were improved significantly (P<0.05), and the Flieg’s score reached at96-99. The result suggested that it is an effective method to ensile the PV-CS by adding LAB and high water soluble-carbohydrate materials for providing good fermentation quality of PV silage.In conclusion, the whole-crop wheat harvested at the milk and dough ripening stages were suitable for ensiling; ensiling UR with appilication of LAB+WB could provide a good quality silage; additives could improve the silage of SP and PV, but could not make a good quality silage; ensiling straw with SP (1:1) was an effective way to use the materials; it is an effective method to ensile the PV-CS by adding LAB and high water soluble-carbohydrate materials for providing good fermentation quality of PV silage.All of the results will provide the theoretical basis for the practical production.