| The black cutworm moth, A. ypsilon(Rottemberg), belongs to family Noctuidae of Lepidoptera. It is an important agriculture underground pest, and the damage caused by A. ypsilon come up to millions Yuan in agricultural production of our country every year. A. ypsilon can be found widely in every place of China, evenly around the world. It has wide ranges of host and can harm more36families and100kinds of crops, cutting the immature stem and young root. Then A. ypsilon algebra year varies from place to place. It hides during the day and comes out at night, and has the ability to migratory.A. ypsilon is one of the most important underground pests. Taking A. ypsilon as the study subject in this study, the main contributions of the research work presented in this dissertation are as follows:the influence of environmental factors on growth and development of experimental population of A. ypsilon was researched, during the course of artificially rearing. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of A. ypsilon to plant volatiles and sex pheromone were examined by electroantennogram and four-armed olactometer. Then the lure of A. ypsilon to plant volatiles mixed sex pheromone was determined in field. At last, several compounds and lure were preliminarily confirmed to be accountable for attracting the moth of A. ypsilon. This study was supported by the national public service sectors (agriculture) scientific special expenditure (10037157), the following are main findings:1The research of the influence of environmental factors on growth and development of experimental population of A. ypsilonThe result show that the developmental duration of every stage the growth rate of the A. ypsilon increased with the rise of temperature from18℃to30℃. Developmental duration was shortening48d from78d to30d. And the developmental rate of the larva at different instars and t stage were all fastest at the temperature30℃. Hatchability of eggs topped out at96.53%when the relative humidity is80%. Duration of larval stage and Larvae dead rate all reached optimum levels with16.43d and86.64%respectively without illuminate. The developmental threshold temperatures required for egg stage,1st instar to6th instar, whole larval stage, previposition, pupal stage and egg-adult period were8.55、13.22、11.81、11.21、8.26、10.13、7.41、9.54、10.17、12.30、9.98℃, while the effective accumulated temperatures were67.53,29.18,27.52,26.61,35.79、43.16、136.63、300.50、177.37、53.05、597.16degree-days, respectively. There were relatively stable biological indicators when the A. ypsilon strain was feed on artificial diet over6generations in30℃and complete darkness environment. However population appears later certain degeneration phenomenon from the fifth generation, and the Larvae survival rate, Duration of larval stage, eclosion rate were82.00%,13.44d and82.62%. Although appearing certain degeneration phenomenon, A. ypsilon rearing by artificial can also meet requirements of experiment. Therefore, artificial diet, environment condition and rearing technology should to be improved, to ensure the stability of experiment population.2Electrophysiological responses of A. ypsilon to tobacco volatiles and sex pheromoneThe electrophysiological responses of A. ypsilon to15plant volatiles were tested using EAG technique. The result showed that relative values of EAG had significant differences among males, female mature and female virgin. The response of A. ypsilon to plant volatiles decreased in the order of male> female virgin> female mature.(Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, Hexanol, Heptanal, Methyl salicylate, Phenylacetaldehyde and2-Hexenal at dose O.lmol/L elicited significantly greater EAG responses in male of A. ypsilon and was all above6.0mV. All plant volatiles at high dose (0.1mol/L) elicited greater EAG response of A. ypsilon than the other three dose (O.Olmol/L, O.OOlmol/L, O.OOOlmol/L), and exited significant among four dose. Heptanal elicited the highest EAG response in female mature and the relate value of EAG come up to5.20mV. Similarity, heptanal can also cause highest EAG response in female virgin. Correspondingly,(Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, methylcyclohexanone, phenylacetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol elicited higher responses to female virgin as well as heptanal. Then EAG response of male to sex pheromone could be enhanced through mingling the (Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, phenylacetaldehyde, heptanal with sex pheromone alone. The formula some tobacco volatiles mixed could improve the EAG response to male of A. ypsilon against using volatiles alone. Among the formulas, the result of formula A, B, C showed most clearly. Moreover, the electrophysiological responses of male to blending volatiles mixed with sex pheromone were further studied. The consequences show that formula A, B could enhance the EAG responses obviously and the EAG come up to5.20mV.3Behavioral responses of A. ypsilon to tobacco volatilesIn this study, a four-arm olfactometer was used to measure the responses of male, female virgin and female mature of A. ypsilon to10plants volatile. The results showed that the consequence of the Behavioral and EAG reach a basic agreement. (Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, methyl salicylate, heptanal, attractive to male of A. ypsilon more number entries than others, and male of A. ypsilon spent more time in phenylacetaldehyde (3.92min), heptanal (4.17min),(Z)-3-Hexen-1-o1(4.59min), hexanol (4.25min). Female mature tended to (Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, heptanal (4.74min), benzaldehyde (4.34min), hexanol (4.65min) reflected in two aspects:number entries and time spent. Then the numbers female virgin entered into methylcyclohexanone, benzyl alcohol,(Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, heptanal more than other plant volatiles, whereas female virgin were sensitive to methylcyclohexanone (4.48min),(Z)-3-Hexen-1-o1(3.65min), heptanal (4.07min) in time-spent. Male, female virgin and female mature of A. ypsilon trended towards (Z)-3-Hexen-l-ol, heptanal, benzaldehyde, hexanol, methyl salicylate against control from two aspects:number entries and time spent in a four-arm olfactometer.4Field experiment of capturing black cutworm moth by tobacco volatiles and sex pheromoneDuring the field experiment, some volatiles were found to be less attractive to black cutworm moth when used singer. And there was no significant among all volatiles. However, attractiveness would be strength when some volatiles (Z)-3-Hexen-1-o1, Benzene acetaldehyde were mixed with sex pheromone, especially (Z)-3-Hexen-1-o1. The formula A4were found to be most attractive in all formulas. The ratio of the attractants against control could reach2.38:1, and the rate of attract changeable against control reach137.5%. |
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