| China has rich coastal beach resources which is an important reserve land resources. There are653,000hectares intertidal mudflat in Jiangsu province that takes up a quarter of total intertidal mudflat of China. In recent years, the research work related to saline soil improvement and utilization has become a hotspot. Agricultural Scientists all of the world according to the specific natural conditions and agricultural practice conducted a series of research work such as grass-crop rotation, planting tree and grass, selection and cultivation of salinity and forage varieties, and have received good effect and economic benefits. The soil of coastal beach is not suitable to plant common food crops because of heavy saline threat, lower soil fertility and water deficiency. However grass which aim to harvest the vegetative requires soil nutritions relatively low. In order to develop new methods and make use of the coastal beach, several varieties of grass and legum with relativly high salt tolerance were selected planted on suitable period as experimental material in coastal beach of Jiangsu and different cultivation measures were tested. The growth, forage quality and cationic accumulation in different parts of plant were studied.The results are as follows:(1) The seedling emergence rate and the yield of the same variety under different cultivation measures were of significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with different cultivation measures, emergence rate and the forage yield of the summer-sown grass of straw mulching and addition of water retaining agent were higher than that of the control; autumn-sown grass of plastic mulching was the highest, followed by covering straw and adding addition of water retaining agent treatment, control lowest. Under the same cultivation measures, the emergence rate, the forage yield, dry matter content and strains of the summer-sown grass, silage maize and hybrid of sudangrass and Sorghum were best, followed by Sorghum bicolor, while Zea Mexicana was the worst; autumn-sown grass of Lolium multiflorum was significantly higher than Medicago sativa and Mclilotus officinalis.(2) The difference between the same variety under different cultivation measures of forage was significant (P<0.05). Compared with different cultivation measures, the content of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), crude protein and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVDMD) of straw mulching of the summer-sown grass was the highest, the second was that of adding water retaining agent, and that of the control lowest. However, the content of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude ash was hightest in the control. In addition, the forage quality of autumn-sown grass of straw mulching was best, followed by adding water retaining agent treatment, and the plastic mulching relatively worse, the control worst. With different varieties, the forage quality of the summer-sown grass of silage maize and hybrid of sudangrass and Sorghum were relatively superior; autumn-sown grass of Medicago sativa and Melilotus officinalis were better than Lolium multiflorum. What’s more, in all tested species, summer pastures WSC content were higher than the autumn sowing herbage and Lolium multiflorum WSC content was significantly higher than the two forage legumes in all tested species.(3) The contents of Na+,K+,Ca2+and Mg2+of different parts of grasses in the same variety under different cultivation measures were significant difference (P<0.05).Compared with different cultivation measures, the content of Na+and Na+/Ca2+in each part of summer pasture plants of covering straw and the addition of water retaining agent were significantly lower than those of the control, but the content of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+and K+/Na+was higher than that of the control; howere, the content of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+and K+/Na+in each part of autumn sowing herbage plants of film processing was the highest, followed by covering straw and water retaining agent, and the control was lowest, while the content of Na+and Na+/Ca2+of the control was highest. Among different varieties, the K+/Na+in leaf and stem of the summer-sown grass of Sorghum bicolor and sudangrass and Sorghum was higher than that of the silage maize and Zea Mexicana; while the K+/Na+in leaf and stem of autumn-sown grass of Lolium multiflorum was the highest, and especially, with the treatment of film mulching Medicago sativa was the highest. Overall, the appropriate cultivation measures might improve the K+/Na+value of forage aboveground, on the part of the summer-sown pasture might be higher than that of autumn pasture. |
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