| Podocarpus macrophyllus a species of pine which belong to the Podocarpus of Podocarpaceae also known as jiangnan cypress,is evergreen tree.For its shape can be diverse,it is suitable for overshadow tree by isolated planting or front of tree by coupled planting and scattered planting.It is not only very fit for green landscaping and windproof barrier on the side of coast but also can be made into different bonsai style through some certain technologies.In addition, because of the wood material of podocarpus macrophyllus is good,it can be used in construction,and also can be used as medicinal and carving.therefore has the extremely high value.It has very high value.For the slow growth rate of Podocarpus macrophyllus,the cuttage propagation technology and Rooting Mechanism of cuttings root were studied in this paper so as to strengthen the research on reproduction theory and technology method of Podocarpus macrophyllus, shorten the breeding cycle and reduce the cost of their seedlings.Also because of its precious materials in bonsai production of our country,the present style characteristics and skill of Podocarpus macrophyllus bonsai making were summarized in this paper and feasible and effective solutions were proposed in connection with the problems encountered in the process of making.These will improve the making level of Podocarpus macrophyllus bonsai.1.Studies on cutting propagation of Podocarpus macrophyllus1.1Influence of medium and growth regulators on cuttage rooting of Podocarpus macrophyllus.In the study we find that cuttage rooting effect in substrate B (peat soil:rotten leaf soil=3:1) is the best within the cutting propagation medium of podocarpus macrophyllus, the highest rooting rate is80%; Followed by substrate A (red loam:slag:sawdust=1:2:1), the highest rooting rate is60%;And then substrate D(rotten leaf soil)60%and substrate C (red loam)50%. Substrate E (sand:plant ash=1:2) has the worst rooting effect, the highest rooting rate is only40%.Observation on the cuttage rooting rate in the medium of Podocarpus macrophyllus dealed with different concentrations of hormones, we find that the medium treated by IBA200mg/L has the most ideal effect,up to80%.The treatment of ABT1also can obtain high rooting rate, with treatment500mg/L effect is best, by60%;Treatment of NAA has poor rooting effect in the medium,only in the substrate B handled with500mg/L obtain higher rooting rate, up to60%; The cuttings rooting rate in the substrate E treated by200mg/LNAA is the lowest in all of the hormones medium processing,only10%.Through the observation of the morphological index about the survival seedlings of cuttings,the morphological indexes in substrate B show the best growth state,while substrate E is opposite.The morphological results in each category of hormone treatment also show the change tendency that IBA> ABT1>NAA.1.2Influence of different cutting season and growth regulators treatments on cuttage rooting of Podocarpus macrophyllus.Experimental study shows that cuttings of Podocarpus macrophyllus cuttage in the summer when can reach the highest rooting rate was80%;Followed by the spring,the highest rooting rate can also reach80%; While cutting in the autumn,the effect of rooting is poor,even don’t take root.Through the observation of each season’s rooting rate of Podocarpus macrophyllus dealed with different concentrations of hormones,can we get that treatment with200mg/L IBA achieve a comparatively ideal rooting effect in each cutting season, up to80%;Treatment with500mg/L ABT1can also get a relatively high rooting rate, up to70%; Treatment with NAA,its rooting effect is the worst in all seasons,even not rooting.Through the observation of the morphological index about the survival seedlings of cuttings of Podocarpus macrophyllus,we get a fact that the cuttings cuttaged in the summer have the best morphological index and growth; While cutting in the autumn, the morphological indicators are lower than in summer and spring;Each index results treated with types of hormone also present a variation tendency IBA>ABT,>NAA.1.3Influence of shoot or hard branch cuttings and growth regulators treatments on cuttage rooting of Podocarpus macrophyllus.The best effect is IBA, followed by NAA, and ABT1in shoot cuttings.Not only rooting rate but also the rest of the indicators of growth are superior to other treatments when treating with200mg/L IBA.For single factor of hormones dealing with different concentrations,when dealing with IBA the concentration sequence is200mg/L>100mg/L>500mg/L,when dealing with NAA the concentration sequence is200mg/L>100mg/L>500mg/L,when dealing with ABT1the concentration sequence is200mg/L>100mg/L>500mg/L.The best effect is IBA, followed by ABT1in hard branch cuttings. Not only rooting rate but also the rest of the indicators of growth are superior to other treatments when treating with200mg/L IBA. For single factor of hormones dealing with different concentrations,when dealing with IBA the concentration sequence is200mg/L>100mg/L>500mg/L,when dealing with NAA the concentration sequence is500mg/L>200mg/L>100mg/L,when dealing with ABT1the concentration sequence is200mg/L>100mg/L>500mg/L.Summing up each index of rooting comlexion in the table3-6and3-7,the result shows that cuttings rooting effect of Podocarpus macrophyllus in shoot cuttings is better than in hard branch cuttings,presenting as the time pointer such as the cells appearing date,cicatrizing date and rooting date are all shorter than those in hard branch cuttings, physiological indicators such as the ratio and number of rooting and the length root are all increased.1.4Influence of different cutting length on the rooting of shoot cutting of Podocarpus macrophyllus.It is shown from statistics on cuttage rooting rate that:①In four different lengths of spike, the spike length of Lc3(8cm) has the highest rooting rate, up to76.7%,while the treatment with cuttings of Lc1(2cm) obtaines the minimum rooting rate,53.3%, the rooting rate of treatments with Lc2(6cm) and Lc4(10cm) respectively was66.7%and70%.②The cuttings rooting rate of Podocarpus macrophyllus increased with the increase of length of spike, namely from53.3%to76.7%, but when the cuttings length is greater than8 cm (10cm), the rooting rate reduce instead.③Through the analysis of the other index can we find that the lateral root number of spike Lcl(4cm) is least,3.8/plant,lateral root number of Lc3(8cm) is most,5.6/plant,lateral root number of of Lc4is5.3/plant,less than Lc3.1.5Influence of shoot and hard branch cuttings with different parts of cuttings on cuttage rooting of Podocarpus macrophyllus.When cutting with shoot,the middle segment of cuttings can obtain the highest rooting rate which was76.7%,the rooting rate of upper segment of cuttings was the lowest,46.7%,the rooting rate of treatments with upper, middle or lower segment of cuttings has very significant difference.Observation on the rooting traits were also found that not only cells appearing date、cicatrizing date、rooting date but also rooting number、maximum root length of upper branches all show the worst, while the treatment with middle branches conversely the best.When cutting with hard branch,the lower segment of cuttings can obtain the highest rooting rate which was70.0%,the rooting rate of upper segment of cuttings was the lowest,56.7%,the hard branch cuttings rooting rate of treatments with upper、middle or lower segment of cuttings has significant difference.Observation on the rooting traits were also found that not only cells appearing date, cicatrizing date、rooting date but also rooting number, maximum root length of upper branches all show the worst, while the treatment with lower branches conversely the best.Comparing the rooting rate of different parts of cuttings in shoot and hard branch cuttings is found that the rooting ratio of lower spike has little difference between two of them,while the highest rooting rate76.7%of middle spike in shoot cuttings is greater than the highest rooting rate70%of lower spike in hard branch cuttings, the lowest rooting rate46.7%of upper spike in shoot cuttings is lower than the lowest rooting rate56.7%in hard branch cuttings, so when doing the cuttings selection we should be timely choose according to the actual situation.It is shown from the observation on rooting indicator of different parts of cuttings in shoot and hard branch cuttings that when doing the pointer determination of cells appearing date about both of them the other two treatments (middle, above) in shoot cuttings appear earlier than the hard branch cuttings5.2d and5.5d except the lower spike; Found in the determination about cicatrizing date index that treatments of all parts with shoot cuttings come earlier than with hardwood cuttings, respectively earlier than lower(1.9d)、 middle(7.9d)、upper(7.5d);Found in the determination about rooting date index that the rooting date of all treatments with hardwood cuttings is longer than with shoot cuttings,respectively longer than lower(8.5d)、 middle(15.5d)、upper(16.9d); In conclusion, the overall rooting rate and efficiency of hard branch cuttings are lower than shoot cuttings.The rooting number of shoot cuttings is all higher than hard branch cuttings except the treatment with lower cutting,the rooting numbers of the rest of the two kinds of treatment(middle、upper) are all higher than hard branch cuttings article4.1and article1.1.2.Studies on bonsai molding technology of Podocarpus macrophyllus2.1Studies on process of making Podocarpus macrophyllus bonsai.It is shown from the study of bonsai molding process of Podocarpus macrophyllus that Bonsai production need experience the following four processes:①material preparation of Bonsai production-vegetative propagation(cutting propagation and grafting propagation);②selection and integer of plant materials;③conservation and management of Podocarpus macrophyllus-watering、 fertilizer;④thinning leaves, carving.2.2The skills of making Podocarpus macrophyllus bonsai.For the art creation of bonsai,the connotation of artistic creation can be summed up as "cuting、 shearing、tie、connection、carving".In the process of the study,I think the bonsai creation skill of Podocarpus macrophyllus lies in:(1) breaking-breaking stem;(2) torsion-pull twist;(3) bending-distortion;(4) tie-coil binding;(5) connection-grafting, inarching.2.3Studies on the essentials of modeling technology of Podocarpus macrophyllus. In order to make molding production of podocarpus macrophyllus bonsai more and faster,we can do some remedial operations for some plants whose trunks growth are good while lack of branches on the tree to achieve the perfect tree of bonsai production.Through practice can we attribute the modelling techniques as follows:①good trunk but little twig complementary approach②root complementary approach③tree piecewise modelling method... |
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