Simple Crop Management In Watermelon Production Of Open Field

To study the simple mode of cultivation in watermelon, this study’s test material is "revitalizing guangxi1" which is planting mainly in south area of China. Firstly, applying all fertilizer in one time and double dressing furrow (the planting ditch’s rate is40%of total fertilizer, the extanding ditch’s rate is60%of total fertilizer),To study the morphological parameter, biochemical characters, contents of elements, fruit quality, the use efficiency of fertilizer etc. of the integration of cultivation technology which is combination of different fertilization types (inorganic fertilizer,1/2inorganic fertilizer+1/2organic fertilizer,1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer),different modes of plastic mulching (full mulching; mulching in part) and different training modes (no training; training of two tendril, training of three tendril). Finally,the optimal cultivation pattern by the study above compared with cultivation mode of which applyed fertilizer repeatdely. The main conclusions are as follows:1.The utilization ratio’s comparing of fertilizer between the treatments of full mulching and the ones of mulching in part under applying the fertilizer all in one time. Because the fertilizer is applyed all in one time, the leaves’ contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and B elements of the treatments of full mulching is higher than the ones of mulching in part under the unified condition, the treatments’elementary contents of full mulching is significantly higher than the ones’ of mulching in part in the later period of plant’s growth period. The full mulching’s contents of N, P, K and organic matter in the soil after harvest is higher than the ones of mulching in part. The study found that full mulching has obvious raising effect of water and fertilizer.2.The effect of different fertilizer types under the condition which applyed all fertilizer in one time+full mulching. Inorganic fertilizer is rapid dissociation, it’s morphological parameter, biochemical characters and contents of leaf elements fertilizer is best than others in the vine development stage and fruit set stage, but the effect become low as the plant’s growth. The treatments of1/3inorganic fertilizer and2/3organic fertilizer in the fruit development stage is best than others. According to the comprehensive analysis of the yield per acre and the quality index,the treatments of1/3inorganic fertilizer and2/3organic fertilizer is best than others.3.The comparing of different treatments of training under the condition which applyed all fertilizer in one time+full mulching+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizer. Studies have found that the treatments of no training’s branch have higher activity of root and the content of chlorophyll. The contents of N, P, K in training of two tendril are highest than others, but the contents of Mg,B and Ca about the treatments of no training is highest than others in fruit development stage. In the yield per unit area and quality index, the treatments of training of three tendril’s the yield per unit area is higher than the treatments of no training(2799.59kg/m2). But the best treatments about the content of soluble sugar (11.4), and the content of soluble protein (0.56mg/g), the content of Vc (5.58mg/100g) is the treatments of no training.4.Comparing the treatment of applying all fertilizer in one time+full mulching+no training+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizer and the treatment of applying all fertilizer repeatedly+full mulching+no training+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizer.In the early stage, the morphological parameter, biochemical characters, contents of leaf elements of the treatment of applying fertilizer repeatedly is lower than the treatment of applying fertilizer in one time. As applying fertilizer repeatedly in the later stage, the morphological parameter, biochemical characters, contents of leaf elements,yield per acre and fruit quality of applying fertilizer repeatedly is higher than the treatment’s index of applying fertilizer in one time, but have no significant difference.In conclusion, the comprehensive performance of the treatment of applying all fertilizer in one time+full mulching+no training+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizers is best than others which applyed fertilizer in one time, but the index of the morphological parameter, biochemical characters, contents of leaf elements, yield per acre and quality is lower than the treatment of applying fertilizer repeatedly+full mulching+no training+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizer, and have no significant difference. But the treatment of applying all fertilizer in one time+full mulching+no training+1/3inorganic fertilizer+2/3organic fertilizers have the advantage of time-saving, labor-saving, reducing the complicated process in the later stage, reduceing the workload of cultivation, geting the goal of simple Crop Management, it would be worth spreading in production.