Karyotype Analysia And Peripheral Blood Cell Research Of Triplophysa Yarkandensis(Day)

Triplophysa yarkandensis(Day) are classified into Cyprinidformes, Cobitidae, Nemacheilinae, Triplophysa and Hedinichthys. In the world geographic distribution patterns of the fish, T.yarkandensis, the aboriginal inhabitant in Xinjiang which live in Tarim River basin and its branch rivers, belong to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau group. It is eatable and very popular on the local people’s dining tables. However, due to the aggravating pollution in Tarim River basin and local people’s excessive catching, T.yarkandensis, the fish only with a relative amount of the aboriginal fishes in this area, are declining in source, quantity and individual’s shape, and are in danger of extinction. Therefore, it is urgent to do scientific research and take preventative measures on them. So far, researches on T.yarkandensis are limited to morphology and ecology, and no reports are released on researches of karyotype and peripheral blood cell.The T.yarkandensis for this experiment were caught by basket from the upriver Alar segment of Tarim River. Then the head kidney and kidney were taken out. Stimulated them by Colchicine-Living plant condensate injection, make chromosome sample by the method of air drying, carry out giemsa staining on the sample, analyze the pictures by Optimas software and finally the results were obtained and showed that the chromosome was2n=50, the karyotype was14m+8sm+10st+18t, the chromosome arm NF was72. No sex chromosomal speciation occurred.Stained the peripheral blood cell by the regular blood smear Wright’s-Giemsa compound staining fluid and observed it under the oil immersion lens. It was found that in the peripheral blood there were red blood cell and neutrophilic granulocyte, eosinophilic granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte and thrombocyte in white blood cell; besides, normoblast and fissing red blood cell could be found in red blood cell while there existed young neutrophils and promonocyte in white blood cell. There were more neutrophilic granulocyte and lymphocyte among white blood cell type and moncyte volume was the biggest and thrombocyte volume the smallest. The morphological structures of various cells were also described, which showed that the morphological structure of the T.yarkandensis’s peripheral blood cell was similar to other fishes.The research of the peripheral blood cell of the T.yarkandensis caught from the drainage channel and upriver Alar segment of Tarim River showed:first, the volume of all kinds of hemocyte in the T.yarkandensis from the drainage channel was bigger than mat of the T.yarkandensis from the Tarim River, and the red blood cell was extremely obvious, which might be related to the hemoglobin’s function of carrying oxygen. Fish’s hemoglobin constantly takes up about30%of the red blood cell and the bigger the red blood cell is, the more it can carry oxygen. The container of the salt and alkali in the drainage channel is higher than Tarim River, so the osmoregulation of the T.yarkandensis is better than that of the Tarim River and the red blood cell’s ionic concentration is strengthened which needs more water, resulting in the possibility of increscent red blood cell. The differences of individual red blood cells may be related to the salinity and dissolved oxygen in the drainage channel’s water; second, by the observation through the lens, the amount of the eosinophilic granulocyte on the blood smear of the T.yarkandensis in the drainage channel was distinctively more than Tarim River, which was likely to be related to water’s salt and alkali container and was the result of the adaption of the T.yarkandensis’s blood to the environment.Lastly, the volume of the red blood cell of the T.yarkandensis and other fishes were compared, and it was found that generally the red blood cell of the T.yarkandensis was bigger. Though their karyotype was found to be2n=50and their chromosome number was lesser, the reasons for their bigger red blood volume might be related to living environment and its life habit. The T.yarkandensis belong to the sub-cold water and demersal fishes in the area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.