The Effects Of Different Mulching On Physiological Growth And Yield Of Winter Wheat

Covering cultivation was widely used in crops planting to be aim at diminution of soilwater evaporation,water-saving,moisture-conserving,raising water use efficiency,thus toimprove crop yields and quality. The research studied the effects of different coveringtreatments,which included film cover,straw cover,sun-shading net cover and PP wovenfabrics cover with nakedness soil as control，on soil temperature, water content,maize growthand physiological properties and yields by using summer maize "Xiaoyan22" as experimental,so that to provide basis for establish maize irrigation program. The primary results were asfollows:1. The average temperature of soil between5to25cm changed in the same trends under5covering treatments during the whole maize growth period, and the average soil temperatureof straw cover was lower than other4covering treatments. The average temperature of soilbetween5to25cm under film cover was significantly higher than other4coveringtreatments during jointing stage. Sun-shading net cover treatment got the highest soiltemperature between5to10cm, and temperature gradually decreased with the increasing ofsoil depth. Film cover had higher soil temperature between10to15cm and between15to20cm.The diurnal variation of soil temperature between20to25cm had small amplitude undercovering treatments.2.The soil water under different covering treatments were, in order,294.54mm（PPwoven fabrics cover）＞286.26mm（film cover）＞280.27mm（straw cover）＞277.53mm（sun-shading net cover）＞251.47mm （nakedness soil） during the whole maize growthperiod. The average soil moisture between0to100cm were, in order,19.64%（PP wovenfabrics cover）＞19.08%（film cover）＞18.68%（straw cover）＞18.50%（sun-shading net cover）＞16.76%（nakedness soil） during maturing stage.The soil moisture between0to60cmunder sun-shading net cover was highest,while the jointing stage the soil moisture between0to100cm under straw and PP woven fabrics cover was the highest.The soil evaporationunder different covering treatments were,in order,122.5mm （nakedness soil）＞85.6mm（sun-shading net cover）＞84.2mm（straw cover）＞66.0mm（film cover）＞59.2mm（PPwoven fabrics cover）.3.The plant height under different covering treatments were, in order,PP woven fabricscover＞straw cover＞film cover＞sun-shading net cover＞nakedness soil in maize maturingstage.The stem diameter were, in order,26.37cm（PP woven fabrics cover）＞25.99cm（filmcover）＞25.69cm（straw cover）＞24.20cm（sun-shading net cover）＞22.34cm（nakedness soil）.The leaf area under straw, film, PP woven fabrics and sun-shading net cover were, inorder,757.72cm²ã€696.99cm²ã€581.90cm²ã€526.18cm²higher than nakedness soil.The drymatter under nakedness soil and straw, film,sun-shading net cover were, in order,10.1g、8.87g、4.54g、8.4g lower than PP woven fabrics cover during corn seedling,and the dry matter inmaize maturing stage were,in order,296.11g（PP woven fabrics cover）＞284.56g（film cover）＞280.00g（straw cover）＞263.00g（sun-shading net cover）＞249.66g （nakedness soil）.4. The chlorophyll content under different covering treatments all decreased first andthen increased during the whole growth period.The photosynthetic rate reached the maximumat14:00and were33.76μmol m^-2 s-1（PP woven fabrics cover）＞32.51μmol m^-2 s-1（strawcover）＞28.59μmol m^-2 s-1（sun-shading net cove）＞28.28μmol m^-2 s-1（film cover）＞28.09μmol m^-2 s-1（nakedness soil）.Different had the different effects on ear characters,it got thelongest panicle length under PP woven fabrics cover,then film cover.The ear diameter understraw, film and PP woven fabrics cover was in order2.87mm、3.30mm、3.15mm bigger thanwhat in nakedness soil.The yields under straw, film,sun-shading net and PP woven fabricscover were greatly in order29.6%、37.8%、16.5%and34.0%higher than what in nakednesssoil.The film and PP woven fabrics cover got the higher yield, and which illustrated this twopoor air permeability materials benefited to water-saving and moisture-conserving, thenimprove the yield.