Effects Of Soil Surface Regulating Measures On Root Morphology And Physiology Of Red Fuji Apple

As far as the lack of effective management measures in apple orchard of Long dong,Gansu Province，it caused the status that the growth of apple root was bad. A fieldexperiment was carried out in Qingyang City of Gansu Province to study the effect ofdifferent cover materials and organic fertilization both in morphological andphysiological characteristics of apple root system in2012. There was five treatments：T1：Contrast，the conventional soil managementT2：optimization one (ridging+common organic fertilizer)+plastic film mulchT3：optimization two (ridging+microbial organic fertilizer)+plastic film mulchT4：optimization one+straw mulchT5：optimization two+straw mulchThe main results were summarized as follows:1. Compared with the conventional treatment (T1), the optimization treatments allcould improve the root morphological parameters, and total root length, root surfacearea, root volume of them was higher than T1respectively between274.29-648.45cm,108.34-118.51cm2,3.33-6.64cm3, especially treatment T5, straw mulch+microbialorganic fertilizer.2. Under the same condition of organic fertilizer, the treatment of straw mulch wasbetter than treatment of plastic film mulch.Under the condition of common organic fertilizer, the root morphologicalparameters of T4was better than T2. Total root length, root surface and root volumeof T4was higher161.22cm,3.87cm22.06cm3than T2.Under the condition of microbial organic fertilizer, the root morphologicalparameters of T5was better than T3. Total root length, root surface and root volumeof T5was higher114.67cm、4.54cm2、2.79cm3than T3.3. Under the same condition of covering, the treatment of microbial organicfertilizer was better than treatment of common organic fertilizer.Under the condition of plastic film mulch, the root morphological parameters of T3was better than T2. Total root length, root surface area and root volume of T3washigher259.49cm,5.63cm2,0.52cm3than T2.Under the condition of straw mulch, the root morphological parameters of T5wasbetter than T4.Total root length, root surface area and root volume of T5was higher212.94cm,6.3cm2,1.25cm3than T4.4. Compared with conventional treatment, each optimization treatment had theability to improve the fresh weight and vitality of root, and T5had the best freshweight and vitality of root with10.78g and215.23ug/(g.h) respectively; Under thesame condition of organic fertilizer, the straw mulch treatment increased fresh weightand vitality of root; and the same coverage, microbial organic fertilizer had moreability of improving fresh weight and vitality of roots compared to common organicfertilizer. Compared with conventional treatment, optimization treatments allimproved the soluble sugar content, starch content and soluble protein content of root,especially the efficience of T5, straw mulching+microbial organic fertilizer, thatsoluble sugar content, starch content and soluble protein content was5.21mg/g、31.89mg/g、7.44mg/g respectively was the best than others.