The Effect Of Temperature On The Growth, Physiology And Nutritional Components In Apostichopus Japonicus

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus naturally distributed in the northern coast ofChina, Korean peninsula, Japan and the Russian far east. Apostichopus japonicus has very highnutrition and medical value as the most important economic species in China, it’s breedaquatics has a great boom and broad prospect. The experiment set3differents temperaturetreatment group, were simulated the water temperature from winter to spring in Russia coastalareas, Fujian coastal area, Dalian area, the experimental period is from2012December to2013April, the monthly sea temperature adjustment according to different water temperature and thenumber of cultured sea cucumber, measurement of each treatment group of sea cucumber bodylength, body weight and papillaes, a total of5measurements. At the end of the experiment, nonnutrients specific immune enzyme activity determination and wall of the sea cucumber in thecoelomic fluid. In addition, the effects of non-specific immune enzyme activities in risingtemperature on “Shuiyuan No.1”sea cucumber and Dalian cultured populations was studied.The results of this study were as follows:1. In rising temperature,the change of CAT, SOD, POD were trend to increased and todecreased in Shuiyuan NO.1sea cucumber and Dalian cultured sea cucumber, the activities ofCAT were71.74U/ml~200.99U/ml and17.84U/ml~68.05U/ml, the activities of SOD were0.070U/ml~0.154U/ml and0.056U/ml~0.100U/ml, the activities of POD were2.360U/ml~3.470U/ml and1.407U/ml~2.407U/ml. the change of LSZ was first increased andthen decreased and increased, the activities of LSZ were:9.741U/ml~30.898U/ml and8.554U/ml~28.006U/ml. The content of MDA in Shuiyuan NO.1sea cucumber was trend toincreased, the change of MDA was42.331nmol/ml~46.563nmol/ml. The content of MDA inDalian cultured sea cucumber was trend to decreased and to increased, the change was46.079nmol/ml~47.329nmol/ml.(2) In rising temperature, the change of CAT, SOD, POD, LSZin Shuiyuan NO.1sea cucumber were more sensitive than in Dalian cultured sea cucumber, andthe change of POD had significant difference(P<0.05). In28℃, the content of MDA inShuiyuan NO.1sea cucumber was significantly less than in Dalian cultured sea cucumber(P<0.05). The study indicated that Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）can make certainphysiological immune response to elevated temperatures, to rid the body of excess free radicalsby regulating the immune defense enzyme activity, to protect body from damage caused byenvironmental change. Shuiyuan NO.1sea cucumber was more sensitive and had hightadaptation in high temperature than Dalian cultured sea cucumber.2. The maximum SGR of body length and body weight in A. japonicus in simulating watertemperature of Fujian coastal areas was0.295,0.239.The SGR of body length and body weightin A. japonicus in simulating water temperature of Dalian coastal areas was0.195,0.188.TheSGR of body length and body weight in A. japonicus in simulating water temperature of Russian coastal areas was0.186,0.080.The papillae of the sea cucumber growed fastest insimulating water temperature of Russian coastal areas. The fastest regeneration of the papillaewas in simulating water temperature of Fujian coastal areas.3. In three simulating water temperature,the composition and content of fatty acids andamino acid was plentiful. The kinds of fatty acids in body walls of sea cucumber A. japonicuswas much more than others, and the composition of EPA and DHA were significantly higherthan other groups. In addition, the composition of UFA was much more than UFA, and thecomposition of HUFA was higher in UFA in these groups. In three groups, the kinds of aminoacid was16. The contents of amino acid was4.8g/100g,5g/100g,3.6g/100g. The ratio ofEAA/TAA were30.21%,32.4%,30.28%. The contents of Gly was maximum, and the secondwas Glu. The results showed the nutrition quality of A. japonicus was best in low temperatureenvironment cultured.4. In three simulating water temperature, the oxygen consumption rates ranged from0.049to0.069mL/(g.h) and ammonium excretion ranged from0.026to0.043mg/(g.h). Themetabolize of sea cucumber in simulating water temperature of Fujian coastal areas wassignificantly higher than the metabolize of sea cucumber in simulating water temperature ofRussian coastal areas(P<0.05). The results show that, the OCR of A. japonicus increasedsignificantly with temperature increasing. In three simulating water temperature, the activity ofCAT was14.44~59.81U/ml. The activity of CAT in simulating water temperature of Russiancoastal areas was significantly lower than others(P<0.05). The activity of SOD was25.4~30.62U/ml. The activity of SOD in simulating water temperature of Russian coastal areaswas significantly lower than others(P<0.05). The activity of POD was1.74~3.92U/ml. Theactivity of POD in simulating water temperature of Dalian coastal areas was significantlyhigher than others(P<0.05). The activity of LSZ was190.21~280.49U/ml. The activity of LSZin simulating water temperature of Dalian coastal areas was significantly lower thanothers(P<0.05). The content of MDA in simulating water temperature of Russian coastal areaswas higher. The results show that, in a certain range, the activity of non-specific immune of A.japonicus were trend to increased and to decreased.