Study On Fatty Acid And The Main Biological Characteristics Of Swida Wilsoniana

The content and composition of fat in food was closely related to human health. Fattyacids can be divided into two groups, saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.Alpha linolenic acid is one of important unsaturated fatty acids. It is necessary for health,whereas cannot be synthesized by human body. Swida wilsoniana Wanger is a kind ofwoody oil plants in China. There is high content of unsaturated fatty acid within it,therefore has huge potential for its development and utilization. However it is understudiedfor S. wilsoniana, which restrict its utilization. In this study, karyotype, growth rhythm,and fruit oil of Swida wilsoniana were analyzed, as well as the gene for fatty aciddesaturase enzyme FAD7was cloned. The main results in the paper are as follows:1. Chromosome number and karyotype of S.wilsoniana were analyzed by chromoso-me spreading. The results showed that the chromosome number of S. wilsoniana was2n=18. The karyotype formula was2n=2x=18=4sm+14m. The ranges of chromosomelength’s variation were between1.02and1.81, and the index of kayotypic asymmetry was58.1%. The results showed that the karyotypes of S. wilsoniana belonging to “1B" type.2. The Seeding height and ground diameter growth rhythm showed "slow-fast-slow" curve. However both the growth rhythm of seeding height and ground diameter werenot completely consistent, in which the growth peak of ground diameter later than to thatof seeding.3.The fatty acid of parts of fruit S.wilsoniana LA-3was extracted by using ultrasonictechnique.GC-MS analysis showed that the fatty acids composition in each parts weresame, including oleic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid. But therelative content in each parts of was different. The highest content is oleic acid, followedby linoleic acid, stearic acid content was the lowest. As a whole, The main fatty acidcomposition in all parts was unsaturated fatty acid.4. Using RACE technique Gene for fatty acid desaturase enzyme FAD7in S.wilsoniana was cloned and named as SwFAD7. SwFAD7was1859bp and encode a448nucleic acid protein. Molecular weight was51.29KDa, and the PI value was7.14. Thestructure analysis showed it has three transmembrane domain. It was found that SwFAD7was high similarity with known FAD7gene from by Clustal alignment.