| Wetlands is the most biologically diverse ecosystems in the world and one of important living environment. Ruoergai wetland is located in the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the northern of Hengduan Mountains. As the largest and the richest plateau peat wetlands in China, plateau wetland and pastures has significant effect on the natural ecosystems in the world. At the same time it also acts as the important water source supply area in upper reaches of the Yellow River. Owing to climate change and human actions, marsh wetlands and pasture appears obvious signs of deterioration in recent years within Ruoergai wetland. Reseach about degradation of wetland ecosystems has great practical significance on the ecological protection theoretical and regional sustainable development. Based on the monitoring data of the wetlands, status, causes, problems and countermeasures of wetland degradation were studied. These researches could provide some references about a series of ecological protection and construction in the region of Sichuan province.(1) Wetland ecosystems is facing a serious threat such as shrinking of swamp wetlands area, grassland degradation, desertification, reduction in surface runoff, decline of groundwater levels. Within the past30years, the areas of plateau wetlands, larger lakes and marsh meadows were reduced by88.2%,38.9%and7.9%, respectively. Not only rates of degradation, but also has water pollution become increasingly serious due to the reduction of water flux and addition of pollutant.(2) Human actions are the main reason leading to plateau wetland degradation in Ruoergai besides natural factors just as temperatures rise and rainfall decline. Artificial channel, as the main performance, is the main reason leading to reduction of large areas of wetlands which accumulated to250.5km by the way of large-scale artificial drainage in the past40years. In addition population growth and disorderly development of grassland is also main human factors which endanger wetland ecological environment and make it accelerated degradation.(3) It is the primary task to strengthen wetland ecological protection function, restore and reconstruct Wetland ecology, prevent overgrazing strictly, prevent desertification of grassland. Blocking drains and construction of stone dams were used to rise the wetland water level and restore damaged wetlands area. Simultaneously, effective restoration and protection of the local swamps and meadows were main measure to manage the wetland.(4) According to the status of the Ruoergai wetland degradation and wetland ecological functions value, some advices were recommended as follow. Wetland ecological protection zone was build gradually to restore the original ecology. The compensation policies and security system was established and improved to further consolidate and promote comprehensive social and economic development combining with currently ecological protection and construction projects. In order to promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry, multi-form and multi-channel alternative livelihoods industry were actively explored to rationally utilize land resource conditions in the area. At the same time of wetland protection, scientific standard on capacity of grazing pasture resources was carried out under natural conditions and grass type. Then make appropriate grazing. recovery degree of marshes, meadowsand, wetland ecosystems and water conservation capacity was comprehensive and timely understanded the evolution of the ecosystem and plant community succession trend through monitoring of the Ruoergai wetlands. Moreover, social advocacy and education were strengthen to raise public awareness of the importance of wetland ecological and ensure the implementation and enforcement of ecological protection measures. |
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