Effects Of The Different Altitudes And Canopies On Coloration And Enzyme Activity Of Golden Delicious Apple(Malus Domestica Borkh.Cv.)

Fruit of Golden Delicious apple of Xiaojin County and Mao County, Sichuan Province were used as material in coloring late. Pericarp pigment contents, relevant enzyme activities, sugar and acid content of six different altitudes were then analysed to study the effects of different altitudes and canopies on fruit coloration, the relationship between fruit coloration and enzyme activity in Xiaojin County and Mao County. The test results showed that:1. The changes of apple pericarp pigment content at different altitudes and canopy levels. Apple coloration index and anthocyanin content increased incrementally with the increase of altitudes and canopy levels from low to high in both Xiaojin County and Maoxian County, while the chlorophyll content and carotenoids content followed by decreasing, no significant changes in the flavonoids content. There were maximum of anthocyanin content in the upper which was in different altitudes in Xiaojin County and Mao County, and the minimum of chlorophyll content and carotenoids content, best apple coloration. Effects both of the altitudes and canopies on the apple coloration by regression analysis, but the canopies was more significant.2. The changes of apple related to anthocyanin synthesis enzyme activity at different altitudes and different canopy levels. Apple pericarp activities of PAL, DFR, UFGT increased incrementally with the increase of altitudes and canopy levels from low to high in both Xiaojin County and Maoxian County, while the PPO activity followed by diminishing. There were maximum of activities of PAL, DFR, UFGT in the upper which was in different altitudes in Xiaojin County and Mao County, and the minimum of PPO activity. Effects both of the altitudes and canopies on the apple related to anthocyanin synthesis enzyme activity by regression analysis, but the canopies was more significant.3. The inconsistent changes of apple soluble sugar content and titratable acid content at different altitudes and different canopy levels. In mid-October, apple soluble sugar content increased with the increase of altitudes and canopy levels from low to high in both Xiaojin County and Maoxian County, while the titratable acid content followed by decreasing. In late October, apple soluble sugar content increased with the increase of canopy levels from low to high and decreased with the increase of altitudes, fruit titratable acid content decreased with the increase of canopy levels and increased with the increase of altitudes in Xiaojin County. In late October, apple soluble sugar content increased with the increase of altitudes and canopise, titratable acid content followed by decreasing in Mao County.4. Regulation of the related enzyme activity on the apple anthocyanin synthesis. Apple anthocyanin content varies with the changes of PAL, DFR and UFGT activity, followed decreased with the increase in PPO activity. The anthocyanin content was significant or very significant positive correlated with PAL, DFR and UFGT activity. The significant negative correlation was found between the anthocyanin content with PPO activity. So UFGT was a key enzyme in the regulation of anthocyanin; PAL regulation of anthocyanin synthesis initiation, which was the rate-limiting enzyme; The DFR and anthocyanin synthesis was closely related to, which can be the anthocyanin key enzyme only causing individual cases.; PPO was related to decomposition of anthocyanin synthesis, was one of the limiting factors of anthocyanin.5. Effects of apple chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and titratable acid content on anthocyanin synthesis. Apple anthocyanin content increased with the increase of soluble sugar content in both Xiaojin County and Mao County., while followed decreased with the increase of chlorophyll content and titratable acid content The anthocyanin content was significant or very significant positive correlated with soluble sugar content The significant or very significant negative correlation was found between the anthocyanin content with chlorophyll content and titratable acid content, and flavonoid content was no significant correlation. So the soluble sugar was not only the physical foundation of the anthocyanin synthesis, but also was one of the signal substances of anthocyanin synthesis. Chlorophyll was one of the limiting factor in the synthesis of anthocyanin. Titratable acid offered the acid environment for the accumulation of anthocyanin. Flavonoids and anthocyanin can transformed into each other, and with little relation of the anthocyanin synthesis.