| Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) has been cultivated in our country for a longhistory. Nowadays, it has become one of important vegetable crops in many countries ofAsia and Africa, for it is rich in nutritional componets and good for human health. Chinahas various resources of cultivar and wild types in eggplant; the isolation betweenspecies and genus can be broken through distant hybridization effectively; the beneficialproperties of two or more species accumulated in long-term natural evolution can beregrouped to form new types and varieties. We can use the potentials genes of resistance,nutrition, adaptability and high yield in wild species to create new genetic resources ofdistant hybridization. This is a good strategy to broaden the genetic basis of the presentcultivars to improve their productive potential and to breed new varieties withmulti-resistance, high nutrition efficiency, wide adaptability and stable yield. Taking12wild eggplants and20cultivated eggplants from worldwide area as test materials, in thisexperiment the methods of cross-pollination and cytology research were used, combiningwith embryo rescue techniques to carry out the inter-species hybridizations and toexploring causes of incompatibility and sterility for hybrids between cultivar and wildeggplant. Aims are to find out the ways of overcoming barrier in hybridization betweenthe cultivated and wild eggplant, and to evaluate traits of distant hybrids. The mainresearch results are listed as follows:1. Five different pollination methods (repeated pollination, GA3combination ofrepeated pollination, mentor method, pollen culture and stigma breakage) are used forpollination between12wild eggplants and20cultivated eggplants worldwide in thisexperiment. Through application of repeat pollination and stigma breakage,12differentintergeneric hybridization of F1generation were obtained, while5backcross generationswere got by conventional pollination.2. TTC method is used for checking pollen viability of distant hybrids and theirparents in different seasons, indicating that the viability in June is higher than inSeptember. But in the same month, the pollen viability of the cultivated eggplant is the highest, followed by wild eggplant and the distant hybrids F1generation, with significantdifferences.3. Four different distant hybrid F1generations were selected from15distant hybridF1generations, combining with their parents were amplified by416SSR primers. Sixprimers with high polymorphism and clear bands that can differentiate parents and theirhybrid were selected, namely q5, q6, q12, q36, q51and q55.4. Four distant hybridization F1s (11-405×11-603、11-410×11-590、11-435×11-587'11-461×11-587) and their parents (11-405、11-410、11-435、11-461、11-603、11-587'11-590) were tested in nutritive quality and cold resistance. Sulfuric acid-anthronecolorimetric test was used to measure soluble sugar content, Coomassie Brilliant BlueG-250method was ued to test soluble protein content, ethanol extraction-spectrophotometric was used to test VP content. The results showed that the distanthybridization F1s have the middle property of the parents in soluble sugar, soluble protein,and VP. Though the conductometric determination of its hardiness, the result showed thatsemi-lethal temperature of four distant hybridization F1s is lower than of female parents,the cold resistance of F1s is stronger than of female parents. In addition, the lethaltemperature in L1is higher than paternal wild eggplant, the rest are lower than that of themale parent of wild eggplant and the cold resistance is stronger than of male parent. Ingeneral, the cold resistance of the distant hybridization F1s is stronger than that of theparents.5. Two distant hybridization F1s (11-405×11-603'11-435×11-587) and theirparents (11-405、11-435、11-587'11-603) were used to root dip inoculation test byVerticillium strains BS and HD separated and purified in our laboratory, showing thatverticillium wilt resistance of the distant hybridization F1s is stronger than that of theirparents cultivated eggplant.6. Two distant hybridization F1s (11-405×11-603'11-435×11-587) and theirparents (11-405、11-435、11-587'11-603) were used to hydroponic culture by nutrientsolution formula in our laboratory, showing that N use effieieney of the distanthybridization F1s is stronger than that of their parents. |
PDF Full Text Request