Effects Of Formula Fertilizer Application On Nutrient Uptake And Grain Yield Of Rice

The experiment was based on design of a randomized block with different size, Wecarried on the “gross formula and minor adjustment” yield experiment in Huaining countyin Anhui province in2012. It was to compare the formula fertilizer treatments withconventional fertilizer treatment on the effects of N.P and K fertilizer application on grainyield and nutrient uptake of rice. Also it is to test the regional adaptability and rationalityof gross formula. The results showed that:(1)During the period of rice harvest, the height of formula fertilizer treatments was higherthan that of conventional fertilization, the maximum height of treatments was grossformula1, compared with the blank，the rate rised11.3%, the tiller number of rice tilleringstage with formula fertilization was also higher than that of conventional fertilization, thetiller number of formula2was the highest. Above all, the fertilizer proportioning and theapplication of fertilizer compared with conventional fertilization was more scientific andreasonable, and also it is beneficial to tillering.(2) with the development of growth period, the allocation of the aboveground biomass ofrice changed, It was concentrate in the leaf (46.9%-59.5%) tillering stage, than thesubstance transfered to stem in elongation stage (57.1%-62.7%), During heading stage、maturation period，the tassel is the main growth organ:(heading stage：13.4%-18.6%,maturation period:47.5%-53.3%). formula fertilization, the tassel proportion ofaboveground biomass was higher than that of conventional fertilization, It is benefit toyield formation.(3) the proportion of aboveground biomass and underground portion (root)of the rice totalbiomass changes with the development of growth stage. The root cap of conventionalfertilization was higher than that of formula fertilization before jointing stage, after thejointing stage,the root cap of formula fertilization was higher than that of conventionalfertilization. So, formula fertilization can promote the roots to absorb nutrients, so as tomeet the needs of the growth of rice.(4) During the whole growth period, the chlorophyll content of formula fertilizationdecreased from tillering stage to jointing stage, increased from jointing to heading stage,than it reduced again from heading stage to maturation period. But the chlorophyll contentof conventional fertilization in the whole growth period decreased all the time. Tilleringstage, the chlorophyll content of conventional fertilization was the highest, reaching46.71.From jointing stage to maturity stage, the chlorophyll content of formula fertilization washigher than that of conventional fertilization. Formula fertilization benefits to rice photosynthesis, thus to accumulate photosynthate, increase production.(5) The nitrogen absorption of rice was mainly distributed in the leaf (leaf nitrogendistribution rate:59.7%-69.0%) during the nutritional growth period. Than it transfferedgradually to the panicle in reproductive growth stage, In maturity stage, the nitrogencontent and nitrogen distribution rate were: ear> leaf> stem (rate of Panicle Nitrogenallocation:50.8%-62.9%;) The phosphorus content of nutrition growth period concentratedin the stem (the phosphorus distribution rate of tillering stage:47.6%-61.0%; p distributionrate of jointing stage:66.2%-70.4%;) Than it gradually transferred to the ear (the pdistribution rate of maturity stage:63.4%-69.4%;) As to potassium, the leaf wasdistribution center, concentrate47.1%-59.1%potassium in tillering stage. From Jointing tomaturity stage, the distribution center turned to the stem (In jointing stage,k distributionrate:65.8%-68.5%; heading date, k distribution rate:68.7%-74.7%; mature period, kdistribution rate:71.8%-81.8%;). Among different fertilization, the spike distribution ratioof nitrogen and phosphorus, potassium of formula fertilization was significantly higherthan that of conventional fertilization at harvest. It can enhance the nutrient accumulationharvest organ and good for yield formation and quality improvement.(6) During the whole growth stage, the N uptake of rice mainly concentrated after theheading stage, the rate of the whole growth period was60.2%-70.1%, The total absorptionof minor adjustment formulation was the maximum (1.25g/strain); The absorption ofphosphorus and potassium of formula fertilization had two peaks: the jointing stage andmature stage, While the phosphorus absorption of conventional fertilization has only onepeak (maturity), and the absorption of potassium was balanced during whole growth period;The total uptake of phosphorus and potassium of formula fertilization was higher than thatof conventional fertilization(7) The yield of fertilization treatments compared with the blank were all significantlyincreased. The yield of formula fertilization were higher than that of conventionalfertilization, the highest yield was formula T3, reached741.9kg, compared to theconventional fertilization, it increased by5.4%, while the fertilizer input costs of smalladjustment treatments of was smallest, It brought the maximum economic benefits andfertilizer effect of unit.This experiment proved that formula fertilization was more scientific and reasonablecompared with the conventional fertilization, and proved the necessity of "smalladjustment", It provided practical and theoretical support for the Huaining County SoilTesting fertilization. At the same time it also provided a regional fertilizer formula for fertilizer company, in addition to reduce the production cost of enterprises and blindness.