| Optimal crop spatial pattern under high density maximized its resources using thereafter obtaining high yield. In order to explore the different spatial pattern on resource use and yield of winter wheat and summer maize, a field experiment has been conducted with wheat cultivar of Aikang58and summer maize cultivar of Zhengdan958from2011to2012. Winter wheat was planted under equaled space drill planting (W1, space20cm) and wide planting (W2, planting width10cm、space30cm), with4planting density:105×104plants hm-2(P1),150×104plants hm-2(P2),210×104plants hm-2(P3),270×104plants hm"2(P4) for each planting pattern. Summer maize was planted under3equaled space planting (A1, space60cm), wide and narrow space planting (A2, wide space70cm and narrow space50cm), square planting (A3, space33.3cm or space47.2cm) with two seedling leaving modes: single—strain per hole (B1) and double—strain per hole (B2). The results are listed as below:1. The total water consumption was increased and the water use efficiency was decreased along with planting density and space increase in winter wheat Under the same density, WUE of winter wheat with equaled space drill planting (W1) were higher than the wide planting (W2). While in summer maize, seedling leaving mode has not affected soil water storage, water stage consumption and total water consumption. Square planting with double—strain per hole (A3B2) had the moderate total water consumption, highest yield and water use efficiency, while the wide and narrow planting with double—strain per hole (A2B2) had the highest total water consumption and the lowest water use efficiency.2. In the same density conditions, chlorophyll SPAD value, Fv/Fm andΦPSⅡ at flowering and milking stages of winter wheat were higher under equal space planting than wide space planting. From the heading to heading for21days, photosynthetically active radiation of winter wheat under wide space planting at upper and low layer were significantly lower than it under equal space planting. No matter under wide space or equal space planting, the upper layer photosynthetically active radiation, Fv/Fm and ΦPSⅡof winter wheat were maximized at P2density (150×104plants hm-2). The low layer photosynthetically active radiation reached the highest value under equeal space planting at the density of P1, while it was the highest under wide space planting at the density of P2.3. From silking to maturity, chlorophyll SPAD value, low layer active photosynthetically radiation of summer maize were showed ’W’ shape trends. the upper layer photosynthetically active radiation of summer maize was significantly higher in double—strain per hole (B2) than in single—strain per hole (B1) from silking to early filling stage, while it reversed from middle filling to maturity. The low layer photosynthetically active radiation was higher in single—strain per hole (B1) than in double—strain per hole (B2) except silking stage. As for the photosynthetic rate of summer maize, it was higher in single—strain per hole (B1) than in double-strain per hole (B2) from silking to early filling stage, while it was reversed in later filling stage. Under the same planting way, the dry matter accumulation of summer maize was always higher in double—strain per hole (B2) than in single—strain per hole (B1) of the whole growth period. Until maturity, under the same seedling leaving mode, dry matter accumulation of three planting patter followed square space>equaled space>wide and narrow space order. Square planting with double-strain per hole (A2B3) showed the highest dry matter accumulation in the whole growth period.4. Soil available N, K uptake of winter wheat in0-20cm soil layer was lower under wide space planting than under equal space planting, while the soil available P uptake was almost equal. The soil available N, P uptake in20～40cm soil layer of winter wheat was higher under wide space planting than under equal space planting, while the soil available K uptake showed reversed trends. Soil available N, P, K uptake in0-20cm,20-40cm soil layer was not affected significantly by planting density under the same planting pattern.5. Spatial pattern can significantly affect the yield and yield components of winter wheat. Under the same planting pattern, the spike number was positively correlated with the density, while the grain number per spike and1000-grain weight was negatively correlated with the density. In the same planting density, the spike number and the grain number per spike of equal space planting (W1) was higher than the wide space planting (W2). while the1000-grain weight of equal space planting (W1) was lower than the wide planting. Equaled space planting with270×104plants hm-2had the highest yield. 6. Spatial pattern significantly regulated summer maize yield and its components. Under single—strain per hole condition, equal space planting had the largest row number per ear, kernels per row and ear length, wide and narrow space planting had the largest ear diameter, and square space planting had the largest1000kerael weight. Under double—strain per hole condition, equal spacing planting had the largest ear rows and ear diameter, wide and narrow space planting had the largest1000kerael weight and square space planting had the largest kernels per row and ear length. Yield of the three planting pattern under single—strain per hole condition showed the order of square space> wide and narrow space> equal space. Yield of three planting pattern under double—strain per hole condition was square space> equal space> wide and narrow space. Overall, equal space with double—strain per hole planting had the largest ear rows and ear diameter, square space double—strain per hole planting had the largest kernels per row and ear length, and wide and narrow space with double—s strain per hole planting had the largest1000kerael weight. Square space with double—strain per hole (A3B2) obtained the highest yield because of the largest kernels per row and ear length, moderate ear rows and ear diameter, and1000kerael weight,. |
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