| Peanut as food and raw materials of oil plays an important role in our country’s oil crops and cash crops. Waterlogging-tolerance is one of major abiotic factors which influence the yield and quality of peanut, especially in the southern peanut production areas where frequent waterlogging brings great influence to the growth of peanut.However,for a long time the research of peanut’s waterlogging tolerance mainly focused on the study of drought resistance, and the waterlogging lacks systematic or in-depth research.It has not yet been reported that the effect of different farming patterns on the waterlogging tolerance of peanut. Therefore, based on previous research, adopted the combination farming pattern of ridging(gradient Ocm,10cm,20cm) and film mulching, used the indexes of growth and development, yield and quality, physiology and biochemy, conducted comparing experiments between to tolerant and sensitive peanut varieties, in order to seek farming pattern that was suit to reducing disaster and increasing disaster tolerance of south peanut and provide basis and support for the production and sustainable development of peanut. The main results were as follows:(1) Growth and development For the waterlogging tolerant peanut variety Xianghua2008and waterlogging sensitive variety Zhonghua4, the cultivation pattern of ridging and film mulching could effectively promote the growth and development of peanut which was under the waterlogging stress. In view of morphological characteristics and accumulation quantity of dry weight, all treatments of ridging and film mulching were higher than the control, and the treatment of ridging showed much better effect than film mulching, because it was necessary to poke the mulching for the peanut under film mulching, which impeded the growth and development of peanut stem and leaf et al. However, ridging and film mulching all promoted the growth of peanut pedicel, which laid good foundation for the formation of pod and the increase of yield in the late stage of peanut. In conclusion,the treatment of ridging10cm to20cm was relatively adaptive to the peanut,s growth under the waterlogging stress. (2) Physiological indexes For waterlogging tolerant peanut Xianghua2008and waterlogging sensitive peanut Zhonghua4, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2concentration and the transpiration rate all firstly increased,then decreased as the height of ridging increased.The treatment of film mulching showed better effects than not film mulching under tha same height of ridging, and ridging10cm showed better effects than other treatments under tha same film mulching.But the chlorophyll content showed difference, the chlorophyll content of not film mulching firstly increased, then decreased as the height of ridging increased; the chlorophyll content of film mulching consistently increased as the height of ridging increased.Those indicated that moderate ridging and film mulching promoted the growth of peanut greatly, provided guarantee for the growth of peanut under waterlogging stress from physiological aspects.(3) Biochemical indexes For waterlogging tolerant peanut Xianghua2008and waterlogging sensitive peanut Zhonghua4, root activity and catalase, peroxidase (pod) and superoxide dismutase (sod) et al all firstly increased, then decreased as the height of ridging increased after waterlogging, the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase firstly decreased, then increased; but the content of malondialdehyde and soluble protein showed difference between the two types of peanut; the content of malondialdehyde of waterlogging sensitive peanut Zhonghua4showed continuous decrease, but the decrease amplitude decreased, the content of malondialdehyde of Xianghua2008showed the same effects as other indexes. But the content of soluble protein showed continuous increase in Zhonghua4, showed firstly increase then decrease in Xianghua2008.Those indicated that the farming pattern of ridging and film mulching showed great promotion on the growth of peanut under waterlogging stress from biochemical aspects, and ridging10cm with film mulching was the optimum farming pattern.(4) Yield The treatment of ridging10cm and film mulching had positive effect on the yield, the full pod number increased by6%to13%comparing with other treatments of the same farming pattern. The main reason was that full pod number, full pod rate, full kernel rate, hundred-pod weight, hundred-kernel weight, shelling rate and yield per plant all increased, blighted pod number, blighted pod weight and blighted kernel rate decreased. The full pod weight increased by5%to15%, the yield per plant increased by13%to38%et al, which were higher than other treatments.(5) Quality The content of kernel fat, protein of the ridging and film mulching was higher than the control of flat ridging and not film mulching, while the content of oleic acid, linoleic acid and O/L value did not show consistent regularity. But all the indexes firstly increased then decreased as the height of ridging increased. Under tha same condition of film mulching, the content of kernel protein of ridging10cm was a little higher than other ridgings, the content of kernel fat and O/L value did not show consistent regularity; film mulching treatments showed significantly better effects than not film mulching.In conclusion, the farming patterns of ridging and film mulching all had some promotion on the growth and development of waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive varieties, but different ridging had different effects. The optimum pattern for waterlogging tolerant varieties was ridging10cm and film mulching, but the optimum pattern for waterlogging sensitive varieties was ridging10cm to20cm and film mulching. That was to say, the farming patterns of ridging and film mulching were effective cultivation patterns for peanut’s waterlogging resistance, which was adapt to the climate characteristics of southern China, and had certain reference and practical value for increasing the yield and quality of peanut. |
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