The Safe And High Efficiency Rate Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus In The Rotation System Of Winter Wheat And Summer Maize

Along with the rapidly increasing number of people in China, we have seen acontinuously growing need for food. However, under the condition that cultivated land isreducing year by year, it is a key factor to increase the grain yield per unit area forachieving stable growth in food production. The productivity of high-yield fields is alwayshigher than others, while the using efficiency of fertilizer and water are very low. But,accumulation of soil nitrate nitrogen can cause groundwater pollution, and phosphorusenrichment may result in non-point source pollution, resulting in a series of increased riskof environment problems.Piedmont plain in Hebei is a major grain producing areas inHebei province, located taihang mountain. At present excessive application of nitrogen andphosphorus through winter wheat/summer maize rotation system in Hebei piedmont plainsis quite serious. There is no increase of productivity along with the increase of fertilizer,but decrease of the utilization of fertilizer. It may cause many hidden dangers to theenvironment, which would be very bad for sustainable development of the agriculture inthe long run. For this reason, it is urgent to study the relationship between crop production,efficiency and environmental safety in the region so that we can find a suitable fertilizerquantity in order to have high production, high fertilizer efficiency and to beenvironmentally safe at the same time. The Paper used winter wheat and summer maizeplanting in the field with returning straw, set experiments of nitrogen and phosphorusfertilizer through the growing of winter wheat and summer maize, studied nutrient uptake,dry matter accumulation and fertilizer utilization, to find a safely and efficient quantity ofnitrogen and phosphate. It may provide a theoretical basis for high production, highfertilizer efficiency in winter wheat and summer maize planted, and for environmentalsafety.The main results and conclusions show as follows:1.Within the range of0kg/hm2~255kg/hm2about nitrogen fertilizer applicationamount in winter wheat planting, yield,nutrient accumulation and dry matter accumulationall increased with the increase of nitrogen level. Among them, N255treatment has thehighest, and the highest yield was about8481.5kg/hm2.Low fertilizer application amountor over both led to decrease of yield.2.Within the range of0kg/hm2~150kg/hm2about phosphorus fertilizer applicationamount in winter wheat planting, yield, nutrient accumulation and dry matter accumulationall increased with the increase of phosphorus level.Among them,P150has the highest, and the highest yield was about7712.4kg/hm2. Low fertilizer application amount or over bothled to decrease of yield.3.Within the range of0kg/hm2~180kg/hm2about nitrogen fertilizer applicationamount in summer maize planting,yield, nutrient accumulation and dry matteraccumulation all increased with the increase of nitrogen level. Among them, N180treatmenthas the highest, and the highest yield was about9021.6kg/hm2.Low fertilizer applicationamount or over both led to decrease of yield.4.Within the range of0kg/hm2~90kg/hm2about phosphorus fertilizer applicationamount in summer maize planting, yield, nutrient accumulation and dry matteraccumulation all increased with the increase of phosphorus level.Among them, P90has thehighest, and the highest yield was about10694.2kg/hm2. Low fertilizer application amountor over both led to decrease of yield.5. The winter wheat had the highest yield with the nitrogen fertilizer applicationamount of237kg/hm2, had the best economic benefit with the nitrogen fertilizerapplication amount of218kg/hm2, highest efficient with185kg/hm2, and safest with101kg/hm2for environment. All in all, the The most suitable nitrogen fertilizer applicationamount should be101kg/hm2~185kg/hm2for winter wheat.The summer maize had thehighest yield with the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of237kg/hm2, had the besteconomic benefit with the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of218kg/hm2, highestefficient with185kg/hmphosphate2, and safest with101kg/hm2for environment. All in all,the The most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application amount should be101kg/hm2~185kg/hm2for summer maize.6. The winter wheat had the highest yield with the phosphate fertilizer applicationamount of171kg/hm2, had the best economic benefit with the phosphate fertilizerapplication amount of123kg/hm2, highest efficient with149kg/hm2, and safest with188kg/hm2for environment. All in all, the most suitable phosphate fertilizer applicationamount should be123kg/hm2~149kg/hm2for winter wheat.The summer maize had thehighest yield with the phosphate fertilizer application amount of103kg/hm2, had the besteconomic benefit with the phosphate fertilizer application amount of73kg/hm2, highestefficient with89kg/hm2, and safest with113kg/hm2for environment. All in all, the Themost suitable phosphate fertilizer application amount should be73kg/hm2~89kg/hm2forsummer maize.