Soil Nutrients Change And Yield Effect Of N、P、K In Low Mountain And Hill Of Yanshan

Soil nutrients present situation and changes within30years in the low mountainand hill of Yanshan, and the crop growth, the yield responses, soil supplying nutrientcapability, nutrient balances and utilization of major crops with the local soilnutrient to N, P and K fertilizations have been studied systematically by the method ofcombining soil nutrient test with field experiment of yield effect. The purpose of thepresent study is to provide a basis for the scientific and safety management ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the background of crop sustainable highyielding. The results were as following:The soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-actingpotassium was12.87-18.88g/kg,0.71-1.18g/kg,24.56-31.63mg/kg,67.97-151.08mg/kg. Compared with the result of the2nd national soil survey, the soilorganic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium of thedistricts that were surveyed have previous improvement, increased by12.0%,15.1-23.9%,314.9-459.5%,3.8-51.3%respectively.Peanut stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is80.7%,80.8%,75.9%respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments were92.2%,87.2%and88.0%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, P and K actual balance of gain orloss were33.4%、89.2%、68.1%, respectively. While in the1/2N,1/2P,1/2Ktreatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or loss were19.8%,39.5%and63.7%. The yields of all treatments were in an order of NPK>1/2N>1/2P>1/2K>-N、-P>-K. Therefore, the nutrient limiting factors of Peanut in the studied soil were in anorder of K>N、P. Spring maize stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is83.5%,84.7%and89.5%, respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments were93.7%,90.3%and94.8%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, P and Kactual balance of gain or loss were100.7%,74.3%and69.2%, respectively. While inthe1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or loss were44.0%,36.3%and56.8%.The yields of all treatments were in an order ofNPK>1/2K>1/2N>1/2P>-K>-N、-P. Therefore,the nutrient limiting factors of springcorn in the studied soil were in an order of N、 P> K. Based on the yield responsesand nutrient balances in this study, the N, P and K fertilization rates of90kg N/hm²,45.0kg P₂O₅/hm²and45kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for peanut production, andthe N, P and K fertilization rates of112.5kg N/hm²,45kg P₂O₅/hm²and30.0kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for spring corn production.Black bean stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is72.7%、77.3%、54.6%respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments were88.2%、95.5%and 90.9%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, P and K actual balance ofgain or loss were14.2%、52.7%、29.1%, respectively. While in the1/2N,1/2P,1/2Ktreatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or loss were7.2%、25.8%and15.1%.The yields of all treatments were in an order of NPK>1/2P>1/2K>1/2N>-N、-P>-K.Therefore, the nutrient limiting factors of Black bean in the studied soil were in anorder of K>N、P. Peanut stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is87.47%、86.4%and90.6%, respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments were95.6%、97.8%and96.0%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, P and Kactual balance of gain or loss were36.0%、70.0%and82.8%, respectively. While inthe1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or loss were18.2%、35.0%and45.4%.The yields of all treatments were in an order ofNPK>1/2P,1/2K>1/2N>-K>-P、-N. Therefore,the nutrient limiting factors of peanutin the studied soil were in an order of N、P> K. Based on the yield responses andnutrient balances in this study, the N, P and K fertilization rates of60kg N/hm²,30kg P₂O₅/hm²and30kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for black bean production, andthe N, P and K fertilization rates of60kg N/hm²,22.5kg P₂O₅/hm²and45kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for peanut production.Soybean stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is80.3%、81.8%、75.8%respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments were90.6%、95.4%and81.8%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, P and K actual balance ofgain or loss were22.3%、46.3%、44.1%respectively. While in the1/2N,1/2P,1/2Ktreatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or loss were10.8%、23.5%and23.1%. The yields of all treatments were in an order of NPK>1/2P>1/2N>1/2K>-N、-P>-K. Therefore, the nutrient limiting factors of Black bean in the studied soil werein an order of K>N、P. Spring corn stubbles: The soil N, P, K-supplying capacities is90.4%、92.8%and86.0%, respectively. The yields of1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatmentswere98.7%、97.4%and95.8%of the NPK treatment. In the NPK treatment, the N, Pand K actual balance of gain or loss were100.7%、74.3%and69.2%, respectively.While in the1/2N,1/2P,1/2K treatments, the N, P and K actual balance of gain or losswere44.0%、36.3%and56.8%.The yields of all treatments were in an order ofNPK>1/2P>1/2K>1/2N>-N、-P>-K. Therefore,the nutrient limiting factors of peanutin the studied soil were in an order of K>N、P. Based on the yield responses andnutrient balances in this study, the N, P and K fertilization rates of45kg N/hm²,30kg P₂O₅/hm²and30kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for soybean production, and theN, P and K fertilization rates of61.5kg N/hm²,22.5kg P₂O₅/hm²and22.5kg K₂O/hm²were recommended for spring corn production.