Study On The Effects Of Nosema P.on Bees Cold Resistance Ability And Breeding Efficency In Spring

Microsporidian disease of bees is a kind of widespread adult bees′disease and animportant quarantinable disease whose pathogeny is Nosema p.. The breeding andgathering honey ability declined when bees infect microsporidian disease. Thegathering honey ability reduced50%-70%even if symptom of infection was notobvious.Nosema p.is closely related to overwintering of bees.At present there is no reportabout the effect of Nosema p. on bees cold resistance ability and breedingefficency in Spring. By investigating, Nosema p. of bees and infectious overwinteringbees in Jilin province, he following conclusions were drawn by analysis of bee mortalityand breeding efficience in Spring.1.Microsporidian disease of bees was one of the primary diseases in Jilin province,larger influenced on apiculture production. By investigating4134swarms belonged to50beekeepers，we found that Crawling-bee Disease accounted for20%, inferior tochalk brood and bee mite. And Nosema p. was the dominating pathogeny of Crawling-bee Disease, accounted for80%.Some beekeepers abused medicine，so bee productswere contaminated.2.By testing parasitic Nosema p.of bee before overwintering，we found that therewas a certain difference between different varieties in parasitic ratio and density. Yellowbee species was higher than hybrid bees and black bee species. Furthermore thereexisted differences among individuals in the same swarm.3. The collection of samples of Jilin province were preliminary diagnosed asNosema cerana, which was consistent with the literature in recent years through dyeingprocessing and morphological observation.4. The swarm produced symptoms of diarrhea，increased metabolism. The queenlayed their eggs in advance and physical quality of worker bees deteriorated wheninfected Nosema p.. At the same time, their excrement infected other bees and winter feed. Seriously it would not make bees overwinter safely and all bees died.5. The results showed significant differences between various treatments by U test.The infected swarm， the bee mortality and feed consumption were obviously higherthan the control group. The heavier infected swarm, the bee overwintering mortality andfeed consumption was higher than lighter ones. The highest mortality was69.39%,while the lowest was22.22%. So the infection ratio of Nosema p.was positive correlatedwith bee′s overwintering safety.6. The breeding efficiency of bees in Spring correlated with the infectious ratio ofNosema p..The breeding efficiency of bees in Spring determined the scale ofswarm.The control groupdeveloped well whose average was6.8frame, greater than infected group whoseaverage was4.6frame. Meanwhile the physical quality of worker bees was poor andrecovery time was long. So it would directly affect the economic benefits ofbeekeeping.This research provided theoretical basis for infection mechanism of Nosema p.ofbees, laid the foundation for further screening functional genes, and diagnosis andtreatment of microsporidian disease of bees at the molecular level. And promotedcharacteristic bee industry healthy and rapid development in China.