Investigation And Evaluation Of Heavy Metals In Main Medicine Plant And Its Original Soil Of Anhui Province

The paper was based on medicinal species in large-scale cultivation of medicineplant and its original soil in Anhui province, Using random, Multiple points and GPSpositioning method to sample the soil,the medicinal part and the other part of Chinesemedicine, using conventional methods to analyze soil pH,organic matter content,totalnitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium.To analyze the heavy metals,traceelements in Chinese herbal medicine and its soil by national and internationalstandard method; According to the national and Anhui province soil background value,single factor index method, Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, tocompare and evaluate the planting area of soil contamination; To evaluate the heavymetals of Chinese medicine by the heavy metals limit standard in “implementation ofmedicinal plants and preparations of the green trade standard" which issued by theMinistry of foreign trade and economic cooperation countries. We analyze the effectof the enrichment coefficient and transfer coefficient of heavy metal in Chinesemedicine on the content of heavy metal. Also we analyze some essential traceelements and non-essential trace content features of Chinese herbal medicinal parts.The results showe that:(1)Among the test soil of Chinese herbal medicines of large-scale cultivation in Anhuiprovince, the soil pH and organic matter content were in great. difference. The pHvaried from4.23to7.46, the average pH value is5.92, most of the soil pH of northChina is neutral and alkaline, while the soil in South China is acidic in great majority,and especially the alpine soil. the soil organic matter of Chinese herbal medicinestudy area changes from5.50g/kg to31.02g/kg, the average value is17.78g/kg,which is27.03%higher than that of Anhui Province, the57.89%soil organic mattercontent of the tested area was more than that of farmland in Anhui Province,inaddition soil organic matter content in southern is higher than that of northern plainsoil.(2)Compared the soil heavy metal of the area of Chinese herbal medicines with that inAnhui province and national background value, we found that the content of heavymetal from Chinese medicinal planting area exceed the standard in different degrees,Chromium content was twice the standard value, was the maximum, then followed bylead, cadmium, copper, nickel, the number of that exceed the standard value reachedthe experimental sample count half above. (3) The experiment was based on the evaluation of soil environmental qualitystandard GB15618-1995,the evaluation using the method of single factor pollutionindex, Soil heavy metal environmental quality evaluation in accordance with thestandard level. The heavy metal pollutant elements is the main type of Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb,which exceed the standard rate of53.3%,26.7%,20%,20%; Two evaluation standardof the heavy metal pollutants based on the evaluation criterion in second-level wereCd,Cu and Ni, which exceed the standard rate of20%,6.8%and6.8%.Comprehensive evaluation standard of one and two-level,Cd was the mainheavy metals pollutants of in Chinese herbal medicine study area.(4) Apply the method of Nemero the comprehensive evaluation index, and the soilheavy metal environmental quality evaluation was in national standards insecond-level,there were13soil samples were clean and less clean,the proportion was86.7%, also there were11samples were in the safety standards,belonged to the lightpollution, accounted for13.3%; While based on the grade evaluation standard,73.3%of the tested soil was at the warning line,20%and6.7%of that were Light pollutionand severe pollution.Therefore, we need to maintenance and management the soil ofChinese herbal medicine.(5) According to the standards of heavy metal in Chinese herbs in《the green standardof import and export medicinal plant and pharmaceutical preparations》published byNational Ministry of Foreign Economic Relation and Trade, the determination of Pb,Hg, Cu, As in Medicinal position did not exceed the standard. There are six kinds ofChinese herbs did not accord with the standards.(6) The order of heavy metal’s average transfer factors in Chinese herbs is Cd＞Cr＞Zn＞Cu, the size of heavy metal’s accumulation coefficient is Cd＞Zn＞Cu＞Cr.Migration characteristic is same as Enrichment characteristics. The type of theChinese herbs has effect on the heavy metal’s accumulation ability and transfer ability;also the different heavy metals in one Chinese herb have different accumulationability and transfer ability. So heavy metal distribution is different in Chinese herbs.(7) Determination of essential trace element is different in Chinese herbs. Selenium inAngelica dahurica is higher than other Chinese herbs; the determination of Cobalt isdifferent,the order is flos lonicerae> American ginseng> HuangShan Gongju>steviarebaudiana Bertoni; the determination of strontium in Herba Eupatorii, Eucommiaulmoides and Cortex moutan is higher than the others. Compared with the essentialtrace element, the determination of unnecessary trace element is also different, the result shows that: Polygonatum, honeysuckle and HuangShan Gongju have moreGermanium, the determination of titanium in stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a few timeshigher than the others; barium in Eucommia ulmoides and Cornus officinalis is higher,thallium is higher in Radix Isatidis, Lilium spp,American ginseng and Polygonatum.