Effects Of Irrigation And Planting Patterns On Water Use Of Winter Wheat In North China

This experiment was conducted in2011-2012winter wheat growing season atAgriculture Experimental Station of Shandong Agricultural University, planting density ofwinter wheat is200thousand plants per hectare in all, four row spacing was involed, i,e., DX（15+25cm）, DD（20cm）, DS（15+5cm）, and SS（5+10+5cm）, each row spacingwas applied three irrigation treatments, i.e., W0（no irrigation）, W30（irrigated30mm eachat jointing, heading, and filling stages）, W60（irrigated60mm each at jointing, heading, andfilling stages）, to analysize the influence mechanis of winter wheat water signal,physiological character, and field microclimate. The main results were as follow.Without irrigation, the soil moisture content （0-110cm） of winter wheat decline alongwith the growth period promote, soil moisture content in DX at seeding time was reduced by7.1%than that in wintering period, significantly greater than other planting patterns; Applied180mm water, soil moisture content （0-30cm） in DX fluctuation is the largest, the DS isminimal. When no irrigation was applied, soil moisture consumption increased of plantingpatterns; Applied180mm water, the addition to the lower soil is obvious; When the irrigationwater is90mm, the addition of soil water storage of soil moisture difference in the percentageof between18%and31%; irrigation water for180mm, the addition of soil water storage ofsoil moisture differences in the percentage of between33%and39%, and that more than60%of all water used for evaporation between consumption and crops themselves, less soilpondage. Winter wheat water consumption increases with the increasing of irrigation water,phase water consumption results showed that the heading-filling stage is the critical periodof winter wheat water consumption. In addition, population distribution, the phases soil waterconsumption is low, poor population distribution uniformity, the phase soil waterconsumption is more, which is bad to soil water conservation. Along with the development of growth duration, leaf relative water content of winterwheat was reduced, leaf relative water content and soil moisture content was significantlypositive correlation（R=0.698**）; irrigation may keep higher leaf relative water content ofwinter wheat at growth anaphase, which if favor of postponing senescence; water potential inSS was the biggest change in before and after irrigation, thus SS had the ability to get highyield. Irrigation could increase soil moisture content and reduce soil temperature. The5cmsoil temprature variation in underground was much stable than that in surface in irrigationtreatments; the10cm soil temperature average was W0> W30> W60.Applied90mm water, winter wheat yield in DX was the largest. Relationship betweenproduction and irrigation was a quadratic curve. WUE in DX and DD decreased withincreasing of irrigation water, and WUE in DS and SS was maximum at irrigated90mmwater. Compared with irrigatdd90mm, WUE in non-irrigation treatments was reduced, theamount of WUE changes of the four planting patterns were DX=10.65%, DD=4.60%, DS=5.40%, SS=-0.92%; when applied60mm irrigation water, were DX=23.21%, DD=20.23%, DS=11.93%, and SS=19.27%, respectively; So it is more suitable for DS whererainfall is abundant, and in areas where rainfall is less, DD and SS is more appropriate,although the lager water use efficiency in DX at the lower water place, but decreased with theincrease of irrigation water. Water use efficiency decrease with the increasing of soil waterconsumption then decreased.