Experimental Study On Surge Irrigation Applied To Winter Wheat Planting In The Yellow River Irrigation Area Of Shandong Province

The Yellow River Irrigation Area of Shandong was an important grain production base in China. With the development of society, the demand to water resources was increasing continuously for agricultural production. However, with the economic and social development of various provinces in the Middle and Upper Reaches of the Yellow River, the water of the Yellow River in Shandong decreased gradually and at the same time, the living water and industrial water in Shandong was continuously increasing. So that the shortage situation of the Yellow River irrigation water was increasingly serious. Even if some irrigation areas had adopted the water resource configuration mode of combining the well and canal that use the surface water and ground water meanwhile with the mode of combining the well irrigation and the Yellow River canal irrigation, the tense situation of irrigation water supply and demand was still not optimistic. Furthermore, the Yellow River irrigation area used wide border check irrigation and even used flood irrigation which caused water waste and made fertilizer get into groundwater through leakage and drainage meanwhile, so that the quality of groundwater deteriorated continually which aggravated the tension of water resources. Therefore, developing water saving irrigation in the border check which could relieve the shortage of water resources in the Yellow River Irrigation Area radically and is an important strategic choice which could guarantee the economic and social sustainable development.Surge irrigation has many advantages, such as water saving, time saving, yield and so on. However, the Yellow River irrigation area in Shandong province still does not have a study on the application effect of surge irrigation used in winter wheat planting and surge irrigation’s applicability under the irrigation conditions of these irrigation areas was unknown. So that we chose the border check who is the typical border check of winter wheat planting and whose width was 3 meter and length was 100 meter to do the test of surge irrigation who had two periods and whose circulation rate is 1/2. We researched the applicability of surge irrigation in Shandong Yellow River irrigation area by some aspects, such as flow propulsion speed, study of water and time saving, soil water content and moisture storage change, yield formation factors of winter wheat, yield, water use efficiency, irrigation water production efficiency and so on. With the above test, we researched whether surge irrigation has the value of application and popularization in Shandong Yellow River irrigation area. And analysis the coordination of the existing well irrigation system in the Yellow River irrigation area. The results shows:The flow propulsion speed and study of water and time saving: The flow propulsion speed of the two periods of surge irrigation is faster obviously than the continuous irrigation’s flow propulsion speed. Especially, the flow of the second period were 1.92 times and 1.96 times the speed of continuous irrigation’s in the twice irrigation(the first irrigation and the second irrigation). The faster flow speed increased the advance distance of the flow after cutting off the water, and the distance were 1.50 times and 1.57 times the length of continuous irrigation’s. These things above proved that surge irrigation has the advantages, such as faster flow, water-saving, saving time and so on, under the test conditions. In this experiment, the water-saving rate was 11.86 %, the water-saving amount of surge irrigation was 237 m3/hm2, and the time-saving volume is 5.58h/ hm2 at the whole growth stage of winter wheat.Irrigation quality of surge irrigation: The surge irrigation reduced the seepage quantity, and improved the irrigation distribution uniformity, and improved the irrigation quality.Yield formation factors of winter wheat, yield, water use efficiency, irrigation water production efficiency: The research showed that, compared with the continuous irrigation, surge irrigation can increase the winter wheat’s leaf area index at heading stage, the dry matter accumulation at heading stage and maturation period, spike number, yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water production efficiency on group and yield level.In summary, in the Shandong Yellow River irrigation area, well surge irrigation has the advantages such as saving water and time, reducing the infiltration capacity, improving the irrigation distribution uniformity, yield, increasing the crop’s water use efficiency and irrigation water production efficiency and so on. Therefore, the surge irrigation is feasible and well applicable, so that, promotion and application of surge irrigation has a certain sense in Shandong Yellow River irrigation area.