| Field experiment (using maize as an indicator crop) was conducted in the FarmingStation of the Northwest A&F University during2011-2012. Spring corn (Zea mays L.) wastaken as the tested materials, and the traditional irrigation methods of furrow irrigation andborder irrigation as the control, the field study was conducted to determine the effects ofRainfall harvesting planting combined with water-saving irrigation (RHWI) on soil waterstorage, agronomic traits, photosynthetic indexes, chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) infunctional leaves and grain yield, water use efficiency (WUE_Y) of spring corn. The resultswere concluded as follows:1. The RHWI system could accelerate the growth of spring corn, and promote the height,stem width, leaf area and dry matter accumulation of spring corn significantly with lessirrigation volume. Compared with furrow irrigation, border irrigation and planting of rainfallharvesting (PRH), the average dry matter weight of2-year in mature stage of RHWI systemincreased by12.04%~22.26%,22.07%~31.64%and8.84%~16.11%; Compared with PRH,the average dry matter weight of2-year of the treatment of each of pre-sowing and floweringstage were irrigated1time of furrow irrigation was increased by1.72%, the other treatmentsof furrow irrigation and border irrigation were lower than that of PRH.The RHWI system could promote the translation of dry matter to the ear. The dry matterassigned to the ear was higher since heading stage under the treatment of RHWI whichirrigated1time at pre-sowing stage (M1, M3), and assigned to the leaf decreased mostly; thedry matter assigned to the ear under the treatment of RHWI which irrigated1time atflowering stage (M2, M3) increased rapidly.2. The RHWI system could promote the photosynthetic indexes in functional leaves ofspring corn with less irrigation volume, and provide favorable conditions for high-yield ofcorn. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), instantaneous water useefficiency (WUE), and stomatal conductance (Gs) of RHWI system were higher than that offurrow irrigation, border irrigation and PRH in jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage.Compared with PRH, the photosynthetic indexes of furrow irrigation and border irrigationdecreased. 3. The RHWI system could promote the chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) of springcorn with less irrigation volume. The SPAD of RHWI system was higher than that of furrowirrigation, border irrigation and PRH in jointing stage, heading stage and filling stage, therewas no significant difference among these treatments. The SPAD of PRH was higher than thatof border irrigation, but lower than that of furrow irrigation.4. The RHWI system could save soil water effectively. The average soil water storage of2-year in mature stage of furrow irrigation, border irrigation and RHWI increased by7.19%~17.18%than that of PRH in the0～200cm soil. Compared with furrow irrigation andborder irrigation, the average soil water storage of2-year of RHWI in mature stage in thetreatment which irrigated1time at pre-sowing stage decreased, but the other treatmentsincreased by1.18%~5.47%than that of furrow irrigation and border irrigation.5. The RHWI system could promote the yield of spring corn with less irrigation volume.The average ear length, ear diameter, kernel and weight per100grains of2-year of the RHWIwere higher than that of furrow irrigation and border irrigation, the difference was significantbetween RHWI and border irrigation. Compared with PRH, The average ear length, eardiameter and kernel of2-year of the RHWI increased, but the weight per100grains decreasedsignificantly. There was no significant difference for the average ear length, ear diameter andkernel of2-year between PRH and furrow irrigation, but the weight per100grains of furrowirrigation significantly lower than that of PRH; The average ear length, ear diameter, kerneland weight per100grains of2-year of the border irrigation were lower than that of PRH, andthe weight per100grains decreased significantly.The average yield and water use efficiency (WUE_Y) of2-year of the RHWI were higherthan that of furrow irrigation, border irrigation and PRH. Compared with furrow irrigation,border irrigation and PRH, the average yield of2-year of the RHWI was increased by5.03%~15.45%,14.57%~21.85%,2.32%~5.72%; Compared with PRH, the average yield of2-year of the treatment of each of pre-sowing and flowering stage were irrigated1time offurrow irrigation was higher than that of PRH, but the other treatments of furrow irrigationand border irrigation were lower than that of PRH. The average water use efficiency (WUE_Y)of2-year of the RHWI was increased by28.41%~40.23%(P<0.05),39.58%~54.70%(P<0.05)and2.99%~5.09%compared with furrow irrigation, border irrigation and PRH. The WUE_YofPRH was significantly higher than that of furrow irrigation and border irrigation. |
PDF Full Text Request