| Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is a kind of bacca plants, belonging to Rubus of Rosacea. Because of its tender and juicy fruit and high value in nutritional, health care, medical and ornamental, it is widely considered to be the third generation fruit, and popular with consumers both at home and abroad, and its prospects for development is also broad. However, the vast majority of raspberry is still planted outdoors in domestic, so that fruits will come into market almost at the the same period and can not meet the needs of supplying fresh fruits all the year round.Therefore, it’s essential for carrying out both study and practice on protected cultivation techniques of raspberry. In view of this, chilling requirement of several summer-fruiting raspberries cultivars was estimated and artificial breaking dormancy methods were explored at the beginning, cuttings and seedings of several summer-bearing raspberry cultivars were adopted as testing material.Then planting seedings that had been removed dormancy into solar greenhouse in turn. Phenological phases and fruit qualities will be observed, and the distinction between different batches or different type of seedings will be compared at the same time in order to determine the best date of covering greenhouse for floricane raspberry forcing cultivation in Beijing area, select suitable cultivars for greenhouse cultivation,and supply relatively technical support.The results are shown as follows:1. Estimation for the chilling requirement of floricane raspberry cultivars0-7.2℃model was used as estimation of the chilling requirement (CR) for bud of11floricane raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in order to provide references for protected cultivation. These11cultivars were treated in5℃constant temperature cold storage.The results showed that:the chilling requirement of different raspberries and blackberries were significantly different as variety, ecological environment, temperature during dormancy stage and development situations of floricane varied. The CR data changed from less than672h to1344h. Among the11raspberry cultivars, those with low chilling requirement (less than672h) were’Bristol’and’Shawnee’, those with high chilling requirement (1344h) was’Reveille’, and the rest were between them.2. Artificial breaking dormancy methods explorationIn this experiment, cuttings of5summer-fruiting raspberry cultivars derived from Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province were used as testing material, they were treated in Shangzhi natural low temperature and in5℃constant temperature cold storage in Beijing respectively to detect situation of dormancy. At the same time, in order to verify the feasibility of cultivating seedings allopatrically technology, which meant we will break dormancy of seedings at chilly area but plant them in warm greenhouse,such as Beijing,and obtain the best sort and concentration of medical to break dormancy,we studied techniques of chemical dormancy breaking on other two floricane raspberry cultivars. Cuttings of the two cultivars were treated by different levels GA3and H2NCN respectively. The results indicated that:cultivating seedings allopatrically was feasible.We can lift bare-root seedings in early October and protect them simply,then seedings were vernalized at Shangzhi natural low temperature for30-40d to satisfy chilling requirement. After that, we can transport the seedings to Beijing and surrounding areas to plant into greenhouse, fruit will be ripen from late January to early March. In this case, we can not only meet market demands and gain economic benefits, but also reduce the expenses on cold storage and labors,and increase sales channels for raspberry growers in Shangzhi.Using medical to breaking dormancy was effective,and the results were different when concentration and cultivars were different:the range of effective concentration of GA3treatment on’Xia17’was wide; while H2NCN treatment behaved well just as0.1%and0.3%treatment, and it would become worse, or even poisoned when more than0.5%. However, the effects of all these treatments on’Xia19’were not so obvious compared with control check.3. Cultivar performances of floricane raspberry cultivars under forcing cultivation inBeijing areaIn the study, we used seedings of several main summer-bearing raspberry cultivars in Beijing area as experimental material. In order to determine suitable date of covering and heating up greenhouse, and select fitting cultivars for forcing cultivation, we planted two batches of seedings into protected areas. The two batches of seedings had been broken dormancy by5℃constant temperature and natural low temperature treatment. Cultivar performances under protected cultivation, such as survival percentage, phenological period, fruit quality and storage properties were observed. Besides, we compared the distinction in phenological phase characteristics, growing development and fruit quality between different batch or different type seedings. It is turned out that:(1) Survival percentage of bare-root seedings changes from98.4%～11.9%under protected condition,of which’’Canada1’ and ’Tulameen(container seedling)’has the highest survival rate because of its well-developed fibrous root,and ’Feierdude’ has the lowest;(2) All of the testing cultivars began to sprout after planting20～60d, and then came into squaring stage after vegetative growth lasting for25～68d.They began to bloom and set fruit in mid April to early May, after2～6weeks fruit become ripe,the earliest ripen cultivar was ’Tulameen(container seedling)’,there would be fresh fruit on May14th;(3) The range of average weight of each cultivar was2.01～4.48g,and fruit shape index was between0.96～1.21.The shape,colour and size of the fruit all performanced its basic characteristics.Refreshing time of fruit with receptacle was only2～6d,but its shelf life was6～11d.Among these cultivars,’Tulameen(container seedling)’ has the longest refreshing time and shelf life.’Malahat’ and ’Feierdude’ can be used as Good varieties for fresh fruit,’Meeker’ and ’Canadal’ can be used for processing;(4) Covering greenhouse on different date has no visible difference on forcing cultivation,the suitable time to plant should be the earliest date of dormancy breaking;(5)Using container seedling for forcing cultivation could decrease the time of recovering and improve the rate of survival, survialResult showed,and supply much nutrition and water at the beginning of planting.Although container seeding did not take better place in phenological period,but at the end of fructescence,it riped5d earlier than bareroot seeding. |
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