The Application Of Vinegar Residue Substrate And Microbial Fertilizer In Vegetable Cultivation

A lot of vinegar residue were generated in vinegar making industry. After being fermented, it became Vinegar Residue substrate which is a new gardening organic matrix. Vinegar residue contains crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract, calcium, phosphorus and other nutritions, which are very valuable. It is necessary to carry out systematic research as the organic seedling matrix and culture substrate. And to further improve the quality and disease resistance of vinegar residue nursery, we used microbial fertilizer to make improvements and to understand the mutual influence of different substrates and functional biocontrol agents. It also can provide the basis for the microbial fertilizer effective using in substrates for improving the quality and disease resistance of seedlings.In this paper we studied how to use the vinegar residue substrate to nursery seedlings of tomato, and the effects of different nutrient solution concentrations and amount on tomato plant growth and fruit quality and yield inorder to find the best water and fertilizer management level. We studide the effect of different kinds and concentrations of microbial fertilizer to growth and photosynthesis of seedlings, in order to find the best growth-promoting agents and the suitable amount, and based on this research we studied the effect of microbial fertilizer in different substrates for growth and disease resistance of cucumber seedlings. The main findings are as follows:1.The fermented vinegar residue substrate with different compositions of grass peat and vermiculite were used as seedlings substrates. We investigated the physico-chemical properties of vinegar residue substrate and the application of rasing tomato seedlings in this study. Results showed that the total porosity, aeration porosity, the electrical conductivity (EC), the content of nitrogen, calcium and available phosphorus were increased with the increasing of vinegar residue substrate in the seedling substrate while the water holding porosity was decreased. As for tomato seedlings of T4(vinegar residue substrate:peat; vermiculite=54:36:10), the plant height, stem diameter, dry and fresh weight, root volume and other indicators of growth were significantly higher than control and other treatments. Among all treatments, chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of T4-treated plant showed the best performance. It indicated that T4was the best mixed matrix for rasing tomato seedlings.2. Tomato plants were cultivated in a bucket containing Vinegar residue substrate. We studied the effects of different nutrient solution concentrations and amount on tomato plant growth and fruit quality and chemical properties. The results showed that the pH of cultural medium decreased and the range of these changes were between6.71to6.23. The EC values of the substrate increased and these changes were between1.5to2.77. It could not meet the demands of plants growth when the cultural substrate was merely poured with water.1/4Hoagland treatment was the most favorable for the growth of tomato, but it demanded more nutrient solution at flowering stage. The contents of soluble solids, soluble sugar and soluble protein were highest in tomato fruit under treatment1/2Hoagland by adding900mL solution. At fruiting period adding1/2Hoagland900～1200mL nutrient solution can improve fruit quality and yield.3. Peat and Vinegar mixed at the same volume as the cucumber nursery substrates. Seven microbial fertilizers was added to matrix, separately, and each set5kinds of concentration. We studied the effect of different kinds and concentrations of microbial fertilizer to growth and photosynthesis of seedlings. The results show that seven microbial fertilizer promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings in different level.Overall, treatments with Ba (bio-organic fertilizer) and Y (Chong Bo microbial agents) performed better. Seedlings with30g Ba, the dry and fresh weight, leaf area, photosynthesis rate in all treatment were best, and the ground fresh weight was1.8times of CK, the ground dry weight and leaf area were1.7times of CK respectively; Y600seedlings’ height, root volume, average single diameter, root fresh weight were the largest in all treatment, and significantly better than the control.4、In order to understand the interaction of different substrate and microbial agent or microbial organic fertilizer, we selected susceptible wilt cucumber cultivar ’Jinyan4’ as the test materials. The cucumber seeds were sowed into three different seedling substrates: commodity matrix, peat-vinegar residue (volume ratio of1:1) and peat-vermiculite (volume ratio1:1), which were added "bio-organic fertilizer"(Ba), the mixed microbial agents E and the single agent B006, respectively. Then the28days aged seedlings were transplanted to the commodity matrix and were infected with wilt pathogen. The results showed that appropriate amount of Ba, B006and E in all the seedling substrates could improve the cucumber seedling’s quality, and adding30g Ba in commodity matrix was the best. Ba, B006and E could improve the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the bulk and rhizosphere but reduce the number of wilt pathogen. In addition, the commodity matrix adding B006or Ba could significantly reduce the incidence of wilt.