| The Tibet pastoral area is one of five big pastoral areas in our country. The lawn animal husbandry is the important economic basis, therefore the degree of development of the lawn animal husbandry is directly related with the improvement of development and living standards of Tibet economy. Because Tibet regional climate causes feed to be short badly, silage is an effective method to utilize the stalks. Corn stalk, wheat straw mix ensilage with common vetch, alfalfa, on the one hand may enhance its nutritional value, improved the palatability of the stalk and leguminous forage. On the other hand, it may improve its fermentation quality, and expanded feed originates, to alleviate the feed resource shortage effectively. It makes the animal husbandry and agriculture link closely, and makes contribution to the development of Tibet animal husbandry and the income of farmers.This paper studied the fermentation quality of corn stalk (Zea mays) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L), corn stalk and alfalfa(Medicago sativa), corn stalk and wheat straw (Triticum aestivum)at different mixed ratios (100:0,85:15,75:25and65:35, fresh weight basis) to determine the optimal mixture ratio. The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling. And we also studied the effect of adding enzyme, molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed silage. The main results were shown as follows:1A study on fermentation quality of mixed silages of corn stalk and common vetch in Tibet.1.1Effect of different combination ratio of corn stalk and common vetch on fermentation quality.Corn stalk with common vetch were chopped, and mixed in ratios of100:0,85:15,75:25and65:35(fresh weight basis), denoted Control, YJ15, YJ25and YJ35. The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:the contents of the lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate decreased and the values of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen increased significantly(P<0.05) with increasing rate of common vetch in mixed silages. All treatments showed little amounts of butyric acid and propionic acid during ensiling. In conclusion from the present study, those mixing65%corn stalk and35%common vetch were recommended according to the fermentation quality and utilization efficacy.1.2Effect of adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and common vetch.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1) Control (without additive),(2) YJE (enzyme),(3)YJL (lactic acid bacteria),(4)YJEL (enzyme+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed. The results showed:adding lactic acid bacteria accelerated lactic fermentation.Adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid,and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. It was suggested that fermentation quality of the silage treated with lactic acid bacteria should be better than that of enzyme and enzyme+lactic acid bacteria treatments.1.3Effect of adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and common vetch.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1) Control (without additive),(2) YJM (molasses),(3)YJL (lactic acid bacteria),(4)YJML (molasses+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid,and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. Fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and common vetch was further improved through the addition of molasses+lactic acid bacteria.2A study on fermentation quality of mixed silages of corn stalk and alfalfa in Tibet.2.1Effect of different combination ratio of corn stalk and alfalfa on fermentation quality.Corn stalk with alfalfa were chopped, and mixed in ratios of100:0,85:15,75:25and65:35(fresh weight basis), denoted Control, YZ15, YZ25and YZ35. The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:the contents of the lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate decreased and the values of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen increased significantly(P<0.05) with increasing rate of alfalfa in mixed silages. However, all treatments showed little amounts of butyric acid and propionic acid during ensiling. In conclusion from the present study, those mixing65%corn stalk and35%alfalfa were recommended according to the fermentation quality and utilization efficacy.2.2Effect of adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and alfalfa.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1) Control (without additive),(2)YZE (enzyme),(3)YZL (lactic acid bacteria),(4) YZEL (enzyme+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid,and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. Fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and alfalfa was further improved through the addition of enzyme+lactic acid bacteria.2.3Effect of adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and alfalfa.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1)Control (without additive),(2)YZM (molasses),(3)YZL (lactic acid bacteria),(4)YZML (molasses+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. Fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and alfalfa was further improved through the addition of molasses+lactic acid bacteria.3A study on fermentation quality of mixed silages of corn stalk and wheat straw in Tibet.3.1Effect of different combination ratio of corn stalk and wheat straw on fermentation quality.Corn stalk with wheat straw were chopped, and mixed in ratios of100:0,85:15,75:25and65:35(fresh weight basis), denoted Control, YX15, YX25and YX35. The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:the contents of the lactic acid and water soluble carbohydrate decreased and the values of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen increased significantly with increasing rate of wheat straw in mixed silages. At the end of ensiling, the values of pH(4.35) and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen (80.92g kg-1TN) of YX25were higher than other treatments, the contents of the dry matter, lactic acid and the water soluble carbohydrate were lower than other treatments. In conclusion from the present study, those mixing65%corn stalk and35%wheat straw were recommended according to the fermentation quality and utilization efficacy.3.2Effect of adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and wheat straw.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1) Control (without additive),(2) YXE (enzyme),(3)YXL (lactic acid bacteria),(4)YXEL (enzyme+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed. The results showed:adding enzyme and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid, and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. Fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and wheat straw was further improved through the addition of enzyme+lactic acid bacteria.3.3Effect of adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria on fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and wheat straw.There were a total of four treatments in this experiment:(1) Control (without additive),(2) YXM (molasses),(3) YXL (lactic acid bacteria),(4)YXML (molasses+lactic acid bacteria). The laboratory silos were opened on15,30and45days after ensiling and the fermentation quality was analyzed.The results showed:adding molasses and lactic acid bacteria increased the contents of water soluble carbohydrate and lactic acid and decreased the value of pH and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen,improving the fermentation quality. Fermentation quality of mixed ensilage of corn stalk and wheat straw was further improved through the addition of molasses+lactic acid bacteria. |
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