Effect Of Ratio Of Organic Manure/Chemical Fertilizer On Vegetables’ Growth, Soil Properties And Greenhouse Gas Emission Under Greenhouse And Open Field Conditions

Fertilizer, as the grain of crops, which is essential to the agricultural production during its growing, and fertilization is one of the most important part in the process of agricultural production. The researches proved that organic-inorganic manure fertilization can improve the grains growing in the aspects of soil properties, grains growth, gas emissions and nutrient loss of the soil greenhouse.This research is concentrate on the impact on the grain’s growth in different fertilization ways, including organic manure fertilization (swine manure composting), chemical fertilization and the organic manure-chemical fertilization. And it is based on the soil fertility and salinization situation of Chongming, Shanghai, in the spatial scales of the greenhouse experiments and the open field plot experiments, to study the impact of fertilization on grain’s yield and quality, as well as the gas emissions and soil properties during its growth. This research can provide a fertilization basis on the grain’s yield, quality and economic benefit, and provide a theory basis on the establishment of green-organic vegetable production way. In order to find the best fertilization way, we studied the different greenhouse gas emissions of the greenhouse experiments and the open field plot experiments, which is beneficial to reduce the greenhouse gas emission during grain’s growth. Our experiments adopt the random area group method, the greenhouse experiments and the open field plot experiments were treated with five different fertilization ways, including①100%Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer(named as100%IN),②75%Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer and25%Organic nitrogenous fertilizer(named as75%IN+25%ON),③50%Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer and50%Organic nitrogenous fertilizer(named as50%IN+50%ON),④25%Inorganic nitrogenous fertilizer and75%Organic nitrogenous fertilizer(named as25%IN+75%ON) and⑤100%Organic nitrogenous fertilizer(named as 100%ON). The total amount of nitrogen was150kg/hm2in each treated fertilizer, and takes the no fertilization experiments as the controlled trial (CK).The research results showed that:1. In the experiments of endives in the greenhouse, the results showed the endives’growth with all those above five different fertilization ways were better than the controlled trial (P<0.05). In the five different fertilization ways, the100%IN has the highest yield, and the100%ON have the lowest yield, which proved that the chemical fertilization have a negative influence on the yield of the endives, the more chemical fertilization, the less yield of the endives. In those different fertilization ways, the75%IN+25%ON has the highest CH4emission, and the25%IN+75%ON has the lowest CH4emission; on the same way, the100%IN has the highest CO2emission, and he25%IN+75%ON has the lowest CO2emission; besides, the25%IN+75%ON has the highest N2O emission both in the average emissions and cumulative emissions, and the50%IN+50%ON has the lowest N2O emission at the same condition. When the fertilizer was100%ON, there was a decrease both in the pH, conductivity and the volume weight of soil, which proved that the organic manure fertilization is beneficial for the acidification of the soil, thus reduce the salt content of the soil. Besides, the amount of organic horizons, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium of the soil, so we can get the conclusion that the organic manure fertilization is beneficial for the soil properties, which can reduce the soil alkalization and salinization, then increase the nutrient amount of soil.2. In the experiments of lettuces in the open field plot, the results showed the lettuces’ growth with all those above five different fertilization ways were better than the controlled trial (P<0.05). In the five different fertilization ways, the100%IN have the highest yield, higher than the100%ON(P<0.05), obviously, but there are no significant differences between the others (P>0.05). Those results proved that the chemical fertilization have a negative influence on the yield of the lettuces, the more chemical fertilization, the less yield of the lettuces. When the ratio of organic nitrogen is less than or equal to50%, the average and cumulative CH4emission were increase with the reducing proportion of organic nitrogen, and as well as he average and cumulative CO2emission. When the ratio of organic nitrogen is great than or equal to50%, the average and cumulative N2O emission were reduce with the increasing proportion of organic nitrogen. After fertilization, there was a decrease both in the PH, conductivity and the volume weight of soil, and there are significant differences between different fertilization ways. Among different fertilizations, the100%ON have the maximum amplitude (P<0.05), which proved that the organic manure fertilization is beneficial for the acidification of the soil, thus reduce the salt content of the soil. All in all, we can get the conclusion that the organic manure fertilization is beneficial for the soil properties, which can reduce the soil alkalization and salinization, then increase the nutrient amount of soil.3. When compared with cabbages’growth status in the greenhouse and the open field plot, the result showed that there was no significant difference the cabbages’yield and quality in these two different situations. As we all know, the economic production benefits of the greenhouse vegetables are more than the open field plot vegetables; and the results proved that no matter in what fertilization way, the100%IN have the highest yield and the100%ON have the lowest yield. And the larger ratio of the organic-inorganic manure fertilization, the higher yield of grains. However, the results of vegetables in the open field plot experiments shows better quality, which indicates that the organic-inorganic manure fertilization is beneficial for the vegetables’quality, when it was operated in the greenhouse, the results would be more obviously. In a few words, there is a relation between the organic-inorganic manure fertilization and the CH4, CO2, N2O greenhouse gas emissions:when there is no organic nitrogen fertilizer, we will get the lowest emission of CH4, CO2, N2O; when there is no inorganic compound nitrogen fertilizer, we will get the highest emission of CH4, CO2, N2O.