Effects Of The Concentrations Of Co₂, The Temperature And The Nitrogen Fertilizer Treatments On The Transgenic Bt Rice And Population Dynamics Of Planthopper, N. Lugens And S.Furcifera Fed On Ransgenic Bt Rice

At present, the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2on ecosystems has become a hot issue of global climate change. Global climate models predict the end of the21th is expected to reach540to970p.pm. Atmospheric CO2concentration increasing accelerated the process of global warming, but also have an impact on the whole ecosystem. Nitrogen as the plants basic elements plays an important role in the growth of plants, it is not only directly involved in the physiological activities of the plants, and for Bt crops, but also to participate in the Bt protein synthesis. Rice as the world’s major food crops, under doubled CO2conditions in the future, their growth and development will inevitably be affected. In most experimental studies have demonstrated that in high CO2environments, although the C content in plants is substantially constant or increased, but the N content is significantly decreased, resulting in the C:N ratio increases, which in turn may change the tissue fluid components of the plants, impact on herbivorous insects feeding may lead to the outbreak of large-scale agricultural pests harm. In addition, N deficiency, also cause the plants metabolism and ingredients change, resulting in crops due to the lack of impact of nutrition can not be normal growth or the decline of its own insect resistance caused by insect feeding. Under conditions of climate change to Bt rice, as well as non-target insect pests of rice will have any effection? How do interact on the planthopper between the CO2and transgenic Bt rice the? These issues are worthy of our in depth research.Thus, transgenic Bt rice (HH1) and parental rice (MH63) as the research object, through the open top chambers (Open-Top Chamber; OTC), under different temperatures、different CO2and different nitrogen fertilizers, found the effect of transgenic Bt rice on non-target pest populations, and further analysis of Bt rice tissue secondary metabolites of total phenols and oxalic acid synthesis to future atmospheric CO2concentration, the increase in global temperature environment of Bt rice cultivation on non-target pest population dynamics. The main results are as follows:1. By open-top chamber (OTC), brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper feeding on transgenic Bt rice and its parented rice MH63as the research object, found the population dynamics of the brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper under ambient condition and elevated. The results show that:the CO2concentration as the main effect factors significantly affect the population dynamics of the planthopper, found the brown planthopper populations decreased significantly with increasing CO2concentration, but only the white-backed planthopper adults has a distinct role, and dialogue backed planthopper nymphs and no significant role in the total amount of insects.2. By open-top chamber (OTC) CO2controlled trial of Bt rice and its parent rice brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper as the research object, the system of the brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper under ambient conditions on the wing typedifferentiation. The results show that:the CO2concentration, temperature levels, nitrogen levels on the brown planthopper and white-backed planthopper wing dimorphism is basically the same impact. Interaction between the wing dimorphism of brown planthopper and CO2x temperature and temperature x nitrogen were significantly related to, and has nothing to do with the rice varieties. With increasing CO2concentration in the high-temperature, low nitrogen conditions, the brown planthopper long-fin type the proportion of adults in the significantly decreased (P=0.0104<0.05), while the short-fin type proportion to improve, but did not reach significant difference; while control CO2concentration, the proportion of long-winged adults was significantly higher than the short-winged proportion.White-backed planthopper wing dimorphism of Bt crops x CO2concentration x interaction between nitrogen levels were significantly associated. Fin proportion of Bt rice and parental rice on the white-backed planthopper performance under high temperature and low nitrogen conditions. Parent rice, with the CO2concentration was increased, short-winged proportion increased, reducing the proportion of long-winged; transgenic Bt rice on the contrary; under high temperature and high nitrogen conditions, with the increase of CO2concentration, short-winged proportion decreased significantly, while the long-fin type ratio to improve, but did not reach significant difference; simultaneously doubled CO2concentration, turn Bt rice and affinity of the rice on the white back planthopper long-winged proportion significantly higher than the short-fin type proportion. Therefore, under this condition, the white-backed planthopper adults tend to want to grow wings extended.Through the open top chamber (OTC) CO2control trials of Bt rice as the research object analysis determination rice plants of C:N ratio, Bt protein content, oxalic acid content, and total phenolic content, to study the transfer under climate changeBt rice Bt protein production and the production of secondary metabolites, microscopic point of trying to explain the changes of climate change on rice planthopper population dynamics.The results showed that:The research shows that the carbon and nitrogen balance results partially supported the hypothesis. Temperature and nitrogen levels exists between the significant interaction (Table3-1). At high temperatures, CO2concentration, leaf sheaths of transgenic Bt crops, the percentage of nitrogen decreased, but nitrogen fertilization can weaken the negative effect caused by CO2concentration. However, at low temperatures, and the carbon and nitrogen balance showed a hypothesis inconsistent results. At tillering, high nitrogen conditions, making doubled CO2concentration of Bt Rice Sheath percentage of nitrogen content increased by2.76%, but in low nitrogen conditions, doubled CO2concentration was to make transgenic Bt rice sheath of nitrogen content decreased7.45%, which is high-temperature state of Bt Rice Sheath percentage content of nitrogen in the same. But also in the heading, cold conditions, then they change, nitrogen treatment makes the transgenic Bt rice sheath percentage content of nitrogen under doubled CO2concentration decreased, while in the low nitrogen conditions, but showed an upward trend.Transgenic Bt rice in different growth stages of different tissues of Bt protein production by different environmental factors. Tillering stage, the nitrogen fertilizer can enhance the impact of elevated CO2concentration of Bt protein production leaves of Bt protein yield raise the level of nitrogen reduce; for Bt protein sheath, did not like the leaves Bt protein, demonstrated a consistent trend. The level of CO2×temperature×nitrogen level interaction makes the sheath Bt protein production in the same temperature level under different nitrogen conditions showed exactly the opposite;, after the low nitrogen treatment at high temperatures, leaf sheath Bt protein With elevated CO2concentration increased by0.074%, after nitrogen application, the leaf sheath of Bt protein yield elevated CO2reduced by11.03%and reached a significant level. Found that nitrogen fertilization can weaken the elevated CO2leaves of Bt protein production in the heading of Bt rice leaves of Bt protein yield increased with the raise the level of nitrogen. Bt protein content of whole sheaths as the CO2concentration and the lower performance, but at a high temperature, a high nitrogen conditions contrary, increased with increasing CO2concentration, but did not reach a statistically significant difference.The oxalic acid is an important secondary metabolites in plants. The study found that Bt nitrogen levels, nitrogen levels have a significant impact on the oxalic acid content in rice tissues. Study found that high temperature, double CO2conditions, the oxalic acid content in transgenic Bt rice and parental rice with increasing nitrogen levels increased; oxalic acid content will be whether or not the presence of Bt factor in the control of CO2concentration, relevant. Rice growth stage, oxalic acid content in rice tissues. Compared with the tillering stage, heading oxalic acid content is higher than the oxalic acid content in the tillering stage, but by the impact of nitrogen levels and CO2concentration. Under low nitrogen treatment, elevated CO2concentration, oxalic acid content within the organization will be reduced as it grew, and the significant level at tillering; high nitrogen conditions, shows just the opposite, with the CO2concentration, oxalic acid content within the organization as it grew significantly increased and reached a significant level at heading.